acetoacetate

Three steps

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by AGXT2mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-N-acetylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-N-acetylsphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 16alpha,17alpha-dihydroxyprogesteroneReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. cytochrome P450 (17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone)
  3. 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16alpha,17alpha-dihydroxyprogesterone + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Production of Suberylcarnitine

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-iminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  3. 2-iminobutanoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, RIDAmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol

• (13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-aminoprop-2-enoateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-serine = 2-aminoprop-2-enoate + H2O

  Catalysed by SRRmitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, CRAT, CROTcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, ACAA1, HSD17B4 and 2 morecytosol, peroxisome

• hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 9-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. retinoate reduction
  3. retinol binding protein (retinal)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, RBP1, RBP2extracellular space, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, ACADM, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of acetate and acetoacetate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + acetate
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + ATP = N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetoacetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (acetoacetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)

  Catalysed by AACS, HMGCS1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. transport of acetoacetate and pyruvate (cytosol to mitochondria)
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. thromboxane B2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = thromboxane B2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by LDHA, LDHB, LDHC, LDHAL6A and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 3-oxoacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA
  2. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate + succinyl-CoA = (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + succinate
  3. a 3-oxo acid + succinyl-CoA = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + succinate

  Catalysed by HMGCL, HMGCLL1, SUGCT, OXCT1 and 1 more