a sphingomyelin

Three steps

• 24-hydroxytetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetracosanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 24-hydroxytetracosanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F2, CYP4F3cytosol, extracellular space

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonic acid:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 23 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 11-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. lauric acid[r] + O2[r] + FMNH2[r] = FMN[r] + H2O[r] + 11-hydroxydodecanoate[r]

  Catalysed by CYP2E1cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• (17R,18S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (17R,18S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (17S,18R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (17S,18R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP2J2cytosol, extracellular space

• 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. EPA[r] + O2[r] + FMNH2[r] = FMN[r] + H2O[r] + 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate[r]

  Catalysed by CYP2E1cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F2, CYP4F3, CYP4V2cytosol, extracellular space

• 22-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 22-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F2, CYP4F3, CYP4V2, CYP4F11cytosol, extracellular space

• 14-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. alkane 1-monooxygenase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by CYP4A11, CYP4A22cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycerol + H2O = 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerol + octadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ABHD11cytosol, extracellular space

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphateReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate(out) + cholesterol(in) = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate(in) + cholesterol(out)

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, OSBPL2endoplasmic reticulum, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 3-acyl-sn-glycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreendoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2 H2O = sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine + 2 hexadecanoate + 2 H(+)
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = a 2,3-saturated aldehyde + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SGMS2, PLB1, TMEM86A, TMEM86B

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

• 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SGMS2, PLA2G10, PLA2G6, PLA2G1B and 11 more

• a fatty acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid
  3. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatusOne of 4 routes

• N-dodecanoyl-(4R)-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(4R)-hydroxysphinganine + H2O = (4R)-hydroxysphinganine + dodecanoate

  Catalysed by ASAH1cytosol, extracellular space

• (14S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + O2 = (14S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX5, ALOX15, ALOX12cytosol, extracellular space

• (5Z,7Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-12-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5Z,7Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z)-12-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX12Bcytosol, extracellular space

• 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a sphingomyelin + H2O = phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. phosphocholine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-choline + diphosphate
  3. 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol + CDP-choline = 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SMPD2, SMPD1, ENPP7, SMPD4 and 4 more

• 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a sphingomyelin + H2O = phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. phosphocholine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-choline + diphosphate
  3. 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol + CDP-choline = 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SMPD2, SMPD1, ENPP7, SMPD4 and 5 more

• 18-hydroxy-(9Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (9Z)-octadecenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 18-hydroxy-(9Z)-octadecenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4A11, CYP4F11cytosol, extracellular space

• a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by UGT8, ST3GAL5endoplasmic reticulum

• an N-acylsphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. an N-acylsphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = an N-acylsphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 morecytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + H2O = sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ABHD12cytosol, extracellular space

• (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by PTGS2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by PTGS2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (15R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (15R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by PTGS2cytosol, extracellular space

• 11R-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Arachidonate: oxygen 11-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ALOX12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by PTGS1, PTGS2cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl octadecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, SOAT1endoplasmic reticulum

• cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, SOAT2, SOAT1endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol esterReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + (24S)-hydroxycholesterol = (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol ester + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SGMS2, PLAAT1, LCAT

• (24S)-hydroxycholesterol 3-linoleoateReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. (24S)-hydroxycholesterol + 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = (24S)-hydroxycholesterol 3-linoleoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SGMS2, TAFAZZIN, LCAT

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by SGMS2, PLA2G10, PLA2G6, PLA2G1B and 12 more

• 14-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + O2 = 14-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX12Bcytosol, extracellular space

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• sphinga-4E,14Z-dienineReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

• 1,2-di-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a sphingomyelin + H2O = phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H(+)
  2. phosphocholine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-choline + diphosphate
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol + CDP-choline = 1,2-di-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SMPD2, SMPD1, ENPP7, SMPD4 and 4 more

• beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid

  Catalysed by UGCG, ASAH1endoplasmic reticulum

• 14,15-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 23 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 8,9-epoxy-(5Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 22 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanalReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetradecanal + NAD(+) + H2O = tetradecanoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ALDH3A2cytosol, extracellular space

• cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, SOAT1endoplasmic reticulum

• (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + cholesterol = (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterol + CoA

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, SOAT2endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, LCATendoplasmic reticulum