an all-trans-retinyl ester

Three steps

• CHEBI:17312Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. N1,N12-diacetylspermine to N1-acetylspermine conversion

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• AH2Reach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  3. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 19 morecytosolOne of 20 routes

• L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol + A = all-trans-retinol + AH2
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 18 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• hexadecanalReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 2 H+[c] + NADH[c] + palmitate[c] = H2O[c] + hexadecanal[c] + NAD+[c]

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 19 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:3->C16:3), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• glycerolReach from here →
  1. an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a monoacylglycerol + H2O = glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by RPE65, LIPE

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. an N-acylsphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = an N-acylsphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 23 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• CHEBI:17927Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. N1,N8-diacetylspermidine to N1-acetylspermidine conversion

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol

• superoxideReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-peroxy-docosahexaenoate to DHA conversion

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol

• 13-cis-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. retinol binding protein (retinol)
  3. 13-cis-retinol + a fatty acyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 19 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 9-cis-retinyl esterReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. retinol binding protein (retinol)
  3. 9-cis-retinol + a fatty acyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl ester + CoA

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 19 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 17 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (5Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-7-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronateReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = O-[(5Z),(8Z),(11Z),(14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-beta-D-glucuronate + UDP

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 22 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (11Z)-docosenoyl-CoA(4-)Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-cetoleic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• (7Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((7Z)-tetradecenoic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 10 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)-hexadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C18:4->C16:4), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (7Z,10Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation Trans (C18:2->C16:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (4Z,7Z)-decadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:3->C10:2), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-octenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C10:2->C8:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• a long-chain alcohol wax esterReach from here →
  1. an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O = 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a fatty acid + ATP + CoA = a fatty acyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. a long chain fatty alcohol + a fatty acyl-CoA = a long-chain alcohol wax ester + CoA

  Catalysed by RPE65, ACSL3, AWAT1, AWAT2

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. fatty acylamide amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 17 morecytosol, extracellular space

• CHEBI:27540Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (hexanoic acid)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• dodecanalReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 2 H+[r] + lauric acid[r] + NADH[r] = H2O[r] + NAD+[r] + dodecanal[r]

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 17 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• CHEBI:28701Reach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. dihydroceramide,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (C4-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 23 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• all-trans-retinoateReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. all-trans-retinal + NAD(+) + H2O = all-trans-retinoate + NADH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 27 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 12-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. alkane 1-monooxygenase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 18 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 13-cis-retinalReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. retinol: NADP+ oxidoreductase
  3. 13-cis-retinal to retinal conversion

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 22 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (taurodeoxycholate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 17 morecytosol, extracellular space

• an N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid (dihydroceramide pool)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 23 morecytosolOne of 6 routes

• 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+) = 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + H2O

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 18 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 16-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation (C16->W-Ohc16), Endoplasmatic Reticulum

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 18 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. glycine N-acyltransferase (N-arachidonoylglycine)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• (R)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. aldehyde dehydrogenase (2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (S)-methylmalonyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 3'-dephospho-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal (CoA)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, lysosomeOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. (2E)-dodecenoyl-CoA formation

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-ketopristanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 4 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-Coa Ligase

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 23 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 27 morecytosol, extracellular space

• butanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Butanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 8 morecytosolOne of 9 routes

• dodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 24 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• glutaryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Glutaryl Carnitine

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• eicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 24 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 18 routes

• itaconyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Itaconate:CoA ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linoleate)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 24 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 18 routes

• tetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by CES2, RBP4, LIPF, LIPC and 24 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 15 routes

• octanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. all-trans-retinyl ester acylhydrolase, 11-cis-retinol forming
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

  Catalysed by RPE65, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 20 routes