an L-alpha-amino acid

Three steps

• L-threonineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. L-threonine(out) + L-alanine(in) = L-threonine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• leukotriene C4Reach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. leukotriene C4 hydrolysis

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC7A5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 26 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, GCLC, GCLMinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, BHMT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. Transport of L-Kynurenine
  3. (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-phenylalanine + O2 = (4aS,6R)-4a-hydroxy-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + L-tyrosine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, SLC7A8, PAHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, AGXT2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, CARS2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, MSRAinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-methionine + H2O
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + glycine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-glycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, PPCSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-benzoylglycineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. Hippurate (Benzoylglycinate) Formation

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. L-Cysteine:oxygen oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, CDO1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating)
  3. Kynurenine-Oxoglutarate Transaminase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KMO, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-Kynurenine hydrolase
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYNU, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoate + L-kynurenine = kynurenate + L-cysteine + H2O
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, AADAT, MOCOSinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, GLYATL2inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. an L-alpha-amino acid(in) + L-kynurenine(out) = an L-alpha-amino acid(out) + L-kynurenine(in)
  2. L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = kynurenate + glycine + H2O
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A11, KYAT3, AADAT, BAATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane