sphingosine 1-phosphate

Three steps

• 3-oxosphinganineReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. Palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (DHAP)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, peroxisome

• an acyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 12 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 5 routes

• (3Z)-dodecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxomyrist-5-enoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SGPL1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (25R)-3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, SLC27A5endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• deoxycholoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, SLC27A5endoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
  2. CTP:ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
  3. 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol + CDP-ethanolamine = a 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, PCYT2, SELENOIcytosol

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
  2. H2O[r] + hexadecenal[r] + NAD+[r] = 2 H+[r] + NADH[r] + (E)-hexadec-2-enoate[r]
  3. (E)-hexadec-2-enoate + ATP + CoA = (2E)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

  Catalysed by SGPL1, ALDH3A2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 8 routes

• (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. palmitoyl-CoA desaturase (N-C16:0CoA -> N-C16:1CoA)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• 3-hydroxyisovaleryl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. (3-Hydroxyisovalerylcoa->3-Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, CPT1A, CPT1Bendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphateReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
  2. ethanolamine-phosphate phosphate-lyase (deaminating
  3. 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + acetaldehyde

  Catalysed by SGPL1, ETNPPL, DERAcytosol

• CHEBI:63544Reach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosol

• a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosol

• a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
  2. CTP:ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
  3. CDP-ethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, PCYT2, SELENOI, CEPT1cytosol

• 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosol

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosol

• a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosol

• CHEBI:67119Reach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase
  3. UDP-alpha-D-galactose:sphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 2 morecytosol

• 3-oxooctadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Palmitate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming)
  3. very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase (malonyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 12 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by SGPL1, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 8 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by SGPL1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 13 routes

• 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-O-hexadecyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosol

• N-(hexadecanoyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + ATP = N-(hexadecanoyl)-sphing-4-enine-1-phosphate + ADP + H(+)

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 7 morecytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate palmitaldehyde-lyase (phosphoethanolamine-forming)
  2. CTP:ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol + CDP-ethanolamine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, PCYT2, CEPT1cytosol

• an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  3. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = an N-acylsphing-4-enine 1-phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 11 morecytosol

• 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = dodecanoate + sphing-4-enine
  3. 1-(beta-D-galactosyl)-N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-galactoside + N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 8 morecytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. 3-sn-phosphatidate phosphohydrolase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by PLPP1, PLPP3, PLPP2, SGPP2 and 4 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (sphingosine-1-phosphate)
  2. Fas180
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by SGPL1, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 6 routes