(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate

Three steps

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. beta-alanine(out) + L-alanine(in) = beta-alanine(in) + L-alanine(out)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A10inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. transport of alanine and asparagine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. transport of alanine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC7A5extracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + H2O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine + H(+)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, KYNU

• L-homocysteineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, CDK5RAP1, BHMT2

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, CDK5RAP1, BHMT2

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + pyruvate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, AGXT2

• trans-4-hydroxy-L-prolineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine + iodide + A + H(+) = L-thyroxine + AH2
  3. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine,iodide:acceptor oxidoreductase (iodinating)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, DIO1, DIO3, DIO2cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, CDK5RAP1, MSRA

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-dimethylallyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, CDK5RAP1, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 more

• a (2E)-enoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + O2 = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, ACAD10, ACOX3, ACOX1 and 1 more

• cyclic pyranopterin phosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. GTP + AH2 + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + H(+)
  3. (8S)-3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5'-triphosphate = cyclic pyranopterin phosphate + diphosphate

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, MOCS1

• a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + A = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + AH2

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, AIFM1, PYROXD1, ACAD10One of 2 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, SLC1A4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin E synthase (prostaglandin H2)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES and 2 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = 9-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (9(S)-HPODE)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2, PTGS1cytosol

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, GGTLC3, GGT1 and 4 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• Fe(II)-heme aReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. Fe(II)-heme o + 2 A + H2O = Fe(II)-heme a + 2 AH2

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, AIFM1, PYROXD1, COX15

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. A + NADH + H(+) = AH2 + NAD(+)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, AIFM1, PYROXD1, MOCOSOne of 3 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. L-selenocysteine + AH2 = hydrogenselenide + L-alanine + A + H(+)
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, SCLY, AGXT2

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2 = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoate + malonaldehyde

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS1, PTGS2, TBXAS1 and 2 more

• 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NAD(+) = 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2, HPGD

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F8

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2
  2. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H1 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H1 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by D2HGDH, PTGS2, CYP4F8