epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine

Three steps

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, SQOR

• hexacosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• tetracosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 10 routes

• docosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• N(5)-[(Z)-amino(hydroxyimino)methyl]ornithineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of arginine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-arginine,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-(omega)-hydroxyarginine-forming)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A6 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of alanine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, MOCOScytosol, extracellular space

• (2E)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearidonic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 9 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (13Z)-docosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-erucic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cis-gondoic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-TPA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-tetracosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z,18Z,21Z)-THA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (15Z)-tetracosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nervonic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, AGXT2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid

  Catalysed by GGACTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Production of Suberylcarnitine

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine

  Catalysed by GGACTcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by GGACT, CRAT, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by GGACT, ACAA1, HSD17B4, EHHADH and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine

  Catalysed by GGACT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX1 and 1 more

• thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of cysteine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, MOCOScytosol, extracellular space

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX1 and 2 more

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GGACT, ACADM, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL2cytosol, extracellular space

• (2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GGACT, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, BAATcytosol, extracellular space

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, BAATcytosol, extracellular space

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glycine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, BAATcytosol, extracellular space