L-ascorbic acid

Three steps

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. L-ornithine + glyoxylate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by PAM, AGXT2

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SQORextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• methylamineReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
  3. monoamine oxidase (adrenaline)

  Catalysed by DBH, PNMT, MAOA, MAOBcytosolOne of 2 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of dopamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-prolineReach from here →
  1. Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. L-proline(out) + L-alanine(in) + Na(+)(out) = L-proline(in) + L-alanine(out) + Na(+)(in)

  Catalysed by CYB561D2, CYB561, CYBRD1, CYB561D1 and 9 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• estrone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of estrone 3-sulfate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• Fe(II)-heme oReach from here →
  1. Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)
  2. Ferrochelatase, Mitochondrial
  3. farnesyl-PP[m] + H2O[m] + heme[m] = PPi[m] + Fe(II)-heme o[m]

  Catalysed by CYB561D2, CYB561, CYBRD1, CYB561D1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-decanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  3. decanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-decanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by DBH, PAM, GLYATL2

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, GGTLC3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by PAM, HOGA1

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by PAM, KYAT3, AADAT

• Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by CYB561D2, CYB561, CYBRD1, CYB561D1 and 9 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by PAM, HOGA1

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)
  2. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by CYB561D2, CYB561, CYBRD1, CYB561D1 and 9 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.5

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• ursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (R)-lipoateReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. prostaglandin-F synthase (monodehydroascorbate)
  3. ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion

  Catalysed by DBHcytosol

• ferroheme c di-L-cysteine(2-) residueReach from here →
  1. Fe(3+)(out) + L-ascorbate(in) = monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical(in) + Fe(2+)(out) + H(+)
  2. Ferrochelatase, Mitochondrial
  3. Cytochrome c apocytochrome-c-lyase

  Catalysed by CYB561D2, CYB561, CYBRD1, CYB561D1 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• 3-methylmalateReach from here →
  1. N-dodecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate
  3. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by PAM, CLYBL

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. dopamine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = (R)-noradrenaline + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O
  2. transport of noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene)

  Catalysed by DBH, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLC7A9extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes