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CompoundsSubstances with curated findings
OutcomesMeasured endpoints
ProteinsTransporters and enzymes
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Chemistry

ReactionsRhea and Human-GEM, by subsystem
ReachWhat a compound can become

Reference layer

PathwaysReactions grouped under one name
ProcessesWhat proteins are annotated as doing
AnatomyTissues, by what is expressed there
Cell typesCells, by what is expressed there
OrganismsSpecies a compound is prepared from
MaterialsSubstances that are not one molecule
AssessmentsRegulatory determinations, transcribed
DiseasesFeatures, genes, and where each sits

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Reference

Evidence

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Outcomes
Proteins
Interactions
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Chemistry

Reactions
Reach

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Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
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Diseases

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Computational infrastructure for human biology, built on a provenance-aware knowledge graph. Findings retain their sources; research and simulation are the next layers.

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A reference for what the literature reports. Not medical advice.

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(R)-lipoate

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

13 compounds within 3 steps: 1 in 1, 2 in 2, 10 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

One step

dehydroascorbic acidReach from here →
1. ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
No catalyst recordedcytosol

Two steps

CHEBI:17208Reach from here →
1. ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
2. 7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
No catalyst recordedcytosolOne of 15 routes
glutathione disulfideReach from here →
1. ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
2. glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
No catalyst recordedcytosol

Three steps

15(S)-HPETEReach from here →
Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosol
L-cystineReach from here →
No catalyst recordedcytosol

CHEBI:16856Reach from here →

ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
Glutathione: 15-HPETE oxidoreductase

Catalysed by GPX5, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 7 routes

urateReach from here →

ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion

No catalyst recordedcytosol

iron(2+)Reach from here →

ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
cytochrome b reductase (ascorbate)

Catalysed by CYBRD1cytosol, extracellular space

methylarsonateReach from here →

ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
methylarsonate + 2 glutathione + H(+) = methylarsonous acid + glutathione disulfide + H2O

Catalysed by GSTO1, GSTO2cytosol

thiosulfateReach from here →

ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)

Catalysed by TSTD1cytosol

glutathioneReach from here →

ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
glutathione:dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase
2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)

Catalysed by GSRcytosolOne of 4 routes

monodehydro-L-ascorbate radicalReach from here →

ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion

No catalyst recordedcytosolOne of 8 routes

(R)-noradrenalineReach from here →

ascorbate to dehydroascorbic acid conversion
7-hydroperoxy-H4-neuroprostane to 7-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane conversion
dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

Catalysed by DBHcytosol