Endpoint

Alanine aminotransferase

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

Definition from MeSH (D000410), National Library of Medicine, read 2026-09-16. NLM revises MeSH; this copy may not reflect its current record.

CAT:outcome/alanine-aminotransferasereported in U/L33 findings from 19 compounds

Open in the graph

What moved it

How to read these marks

33 findings · 19 compounds · 10 null · by evidence strength

Compound	Direction	Findings	Strongest evidence
Silybum marianum	down	1	Evidence strength: strong. Randomised human trials or their synthesis, with the effect's size and interval recorded and no recorded weakness outstanding.
curcumin	down 4 · no effect 2	6	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
empagliflozin	no effect	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum	down	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
NMN zwitterion	no effect	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
piperine	down	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
α-tocopherol	down	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
berberine	no effect 2 · down 2	4	Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.
L-glutamine	down 1 · no effect 1	2	Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.
resveratrol	no effect 1 · up 1	2	Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.
astaxanthin	down	3	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
melatonin	no effect 1 · down 1	2	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
beta-alanine	up	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
calciol	down	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
Lactobacillus acidophilus	down	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
fucoxanthin	down 1 · no effect 1	2	Evidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.
ethanol	up	1	Evidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.
L-isoleucine	down	1	Evidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.
sodium benzoate	up	1	Evidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.

Reported to move it

23 findings

Silybum marianum — decreases
StrongEvidence strength: strong. Randomised human trials or their synthesis, with the effect's size and interval recorded and no recorded weakness outstanding.Finding
“The pooled results from the 59 arms including 3313 patients showed a significant reduction in serum ALT levels following the administration of silymarin, with SMD (95% CI): − 0.912 (− 1.177, − 0.646), prediction interval of PI (95% CI): − 0.912 (− 2.906, 1.082) and p-value of 0.000.”
Quoted verbatim from Are alterations needed in Silybum marianum (Silymarin) administration practices? A novel outlook and meta-analysis on randomized trials targeting liver injury..
Study

meta-analysis
Participants

3,313
Dose

Pooled across trials, daily doses from about 140 mg to 1050 mg
Population

Patients with liver disease of various causes and some other conditions, pooled across randomized trials (59 arms)
Effect -0.912 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -1.177 to -0.646
Are alterations needed in Silybum marianum (Silymarin) administration practices? A novel outlook and meta-analysis on randomized trials targeting liver injury.2025PMID:40221681Permalink
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“Hepatocellular injury markers (AST and ALT) remained within normal limits, although ALT showed a small but statistically significant decrease in the probiotic group compared to a slight increase in the placebo group (Δ0–6: −0.32 vs. 5.03 U/L, p = 0.035).”
Quoted verbatim from Safety of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K014 in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Trial..
Study

RCT
Duration

6 months
Dose

one sachet daily, at least 1 x 10^9 CFU L. plantarum K014 with 2 g maltodextrin, for 24 weeks
Population

Healthy Malaysian adults aged 18 and over; change from baseline to month 6; maltodextrin placebo in the comparator arm
Safety of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K014 in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Trial.2026PMID:42124006Permalink
α-tocopherol — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“Vitamin E likely slightly reduces serum alanine transaminase (ALT) (MD -9.29, 95% CI -13.69 to -4.89; 11 trials, 708 participants; moderate certainty evidence) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (MD -4.90, 95% CI -7.24 to -2.57; 11 trials, 695 participants; moderate certainty evidence) levels compared with placebo or no intervention.”
Quoted verbatim from Vitamin E for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease..
Study

meta-analysis
Participants

708
Population

People with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (children and adults); vitamin E alone versus placebo or no intervention; 13 of 16 trials included lifestyle or low-calorie diet co-interventions
Effect -9.29 mean difference, 95% CI -13.69 to -4.89
Vitamin E for people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.2024PMID:39412049Permalink
curcumin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×3
“The overall pooling indicated that curcumin supplementation was significantly associated with reduced ALT [MD (95% CI) of −5.61 (−9.37, −1.85) units/L] with moderate heterogeneity observed (I2 = 64.3%).”
Quoted verbatim from An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

80–3000 mg/day pooled across bioavailability-enhanced forms (80–1000 mg/day), curcumin extracts (1500 mg/day) and turmeric powder (2000–3000 mg/day)
Population

Adults with MAFLD (NAFLD/NASH); overall pooling of 14 RCTs, all curcumin forms; liver enzymes were a primary outcome of interest
Effect -5.61 mean difference, 95% CI -9.37 to -1.85
An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand.2023PMID:37037891Permalink
curcumin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×3
“The results showed that curcumin reduced ALT compared with placebo [SMD = -0.55, 95% CI (-1.01, -0.09), P = 0.02].”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Participants

639
Population

adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Effect -0.55 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -1.01 to -0.09
Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2022PMID:36159792Permalink
piperine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“After the trial interval, concentrations of ALT and AST in the case group were statistically decreased compared with the control group with a P value < 0.001 and a P value of 0.002, respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial..
Study

RCT
Duration

3 months
Dose

5 mg piperine capsule daily
Population

Adults with ultrasound grade 2-3 NAFLD and raised ALT, Iran
The impact of piperine on the metabolic conditions of patients with NAFLD and early cirrhosis: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.2024PMID:38200253Permalink

Show the remaining 17

L-glutamine — decreases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding
“We selected a random-effects model, and the pooled estimates suggested that Gln supplementation significantly reduced ALT level (MD = −13.73, 95% CI: −16.40 to −11.07, P < 0.00001; Figure 11).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of Glutamine in Treating Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Severe acute pancreatitis patients, pooled across parenteral and enteral glutamine-supplemented nutrition trials
Effect -13.73 mean difference, 95% CI -16.4 to -11.07
Efficacy of Glutamine in Treating Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2022PMID:35774540Permalink
astaxanthin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×2
“Serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were higher in ethanol-fed mice than pair-fed mice, but these values were decreased in ethanol with AXT-fed mice.”
Quoted verbatim from Astaxanthin alleviated ethanol-induced liver injury by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via blocking of STAT3 activity..
Study

animal · not in humans
Duration

10 days
Dose

0.2, 2 or 20 mg/kg daily by oral gavage in olive oil
Population

Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 8 per group) on a chronic-plus-binge ethanol model; AXT 0.2, 2 or 20 mg/kg by oral gavage for 10 days versus ethanol-fed mice without AXT
Astaxanthin alleviated ethanol-induced liver injury by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via blocking of STAT3 activity.2018PMID:30237578Permalink
beta-alanine — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“β-Alanine supplementation caused a small increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase concentration (effect size, ES: 0.274, CrI: 0.04, 0.527), although mean data remained well within clinical reference ranges.”
Quoted verbatim from A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral β-Alanine Supplementation..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Participants in human trials of oral beta-alanine supplementation reporting circulating biomarkers (Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis)
A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral β-Alanine Supplementation.2019PMID:30980076Permalink
curcumin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×3
“Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced ALT (weighted mean difference [WMD], -4.10, 95%CI, -7.16 to -1.04) and AST (WMD, -3.27; 95%CI, -5.16 to -1.39), but not ALP (WMD, -0.49; 95%CI, -1.79 to 0.82).”
Quoted verbatim from Curcumin supplementation effect on liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Curcumin supplementation effect on liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2025PMID:38213188Permalink
astaxanthin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×2
“In addition, the levels of AST and ALT were elevated, and were effectively reduced in the ASTX group compared with the IR group.”
Quoted verbatim from Astaxanthin prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury of the steatotic liver in mice..
Study

animal · not in humans
Duration

2 days
Dose

25 mg/kg by oral gavage three times, at 48 h, 24 h and 40 min before ischemia
Population

Male C57BL/6 mice with diet-induced steatotic liver (methionine- and choline-deficient high-fat diet, 21 days), 15 min ischemia and 3 h reperfusion; ASTX versus olive oil by gavage before ischemia-reperfusion
Astaxanthin prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury of the steatotic liver in mice.2017PMID:29121675Permalink
berberine — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1
“After a 12-week intervention, the BBR group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in alanine transaminase (ALT) p=0.0105, and de Ritis ratio p=0.0011 compared to the control group.”
Quoted verbatim from Does berberine impact anthropometric, hepatic, and metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease? Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial..
Study

RCT
Duration

3 months
Dose

berberine 1500 mg/day, oral, 12 weeks
Population

adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)
Does berberine impact anthropometric, hepatic, and metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease? Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.2024PMID:39042390Permalink
calciol — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“Group 2 revealed a significant reduction in the serum levels of lipid profile measures, hs-CRP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), STAT-3, NO, hepassocin, and MDA compared to the baseline and group 1 results.”
Quoted verbatim from A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the effect of a high oral loading dose of cholecalciferol in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, new insights on serum STAT-3 and hepassocin..
Study

RCT
Population

NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes on standard conventional therapy in both arms; cholecalciferol added in Group 2 vs placebo added in Group 1
A randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind study to investigate the effect of a high oral loading dose of cholecalciferol in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, new insights on serum STAT-3 and hepassocin.2023PMID:37667938Permalink
melatonin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“Alanine transaminase levels were significantly lowered with melatonin treatment but not earlier than the 4th week (P = 0.010 and 0.519, respectively).”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of melatonin therapy on the treatment of patients with Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis on clinical trial studies..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

NAFLD/NASH patients, pooled across 7 clinical trials of melatonin therapy; reduction significant only from the 4th week of treatment onward, not before
The effects of melatonin therapy on the treatment of patients with Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A systematic review and Meta-analysis on clinical trial studies.2021PMID:34058202Permalink
curcumin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×3
“There were also significant reductions in body mass index and serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin compared with the placebo group.”
Quoted verbatim from Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Curcumin: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial..
Study

RCT
Duration

8 weeks
Dose

amorphous dispersion curcumin formulation 500 mg/day (~70 mg curcumin) for 8 weeks
Population

adults with ultrasound-diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Curcumin: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial.2016PMID:27270872Permalink
Lactobacillus acidophilus — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“Compared with the sham group, serum ALT, AST, TBA, ALP, TBIL, and liver index were significantly increased in the BDL group, while L. acidophilus treatment significantly reduced (, Supplementary Figure 4a-c), which is consistently with Mdr2−/− mice (Supplementary Figure 5a-d).”
Quoted verbatim from Lactobacillus acidophilus ameliorates cholestatic liver injury through inhibiting bile acid synthesis and promoting bile acid excretion..
Study

animal · not in humans
Duration

9 days
Dose

live L. acidophilus 10^8 CFU in 200 microlitres per day by oral gavage for 9 days after bile duct ligation
Population

Male C57BL/6J mice with bile-duct-ligation cholestatic liver injury (n = 5 to 6 per group); L. acidophilus versus BDL without treatment
Lactobacillus acidophilus ameliorates cholestatic liver injury through inhibiting bile acid synthesis and promoting bile acid excretion.2024PMID:39205654Permalink
astaxanthin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×2
“Following ASX treatment (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg), ALT and AST decreased in a dose-dependent manner.”
Quoted verbatim from Astaxanthin Pretreatment Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy via the ROS/MAPK Pathway in Mice..
Study

animal · not in humans
Duration

14 days
Dose

30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg for 14 days before ischemia reperfusion
Population

Mice with hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury, pretreated with astaxanthin 30 or 60 mg/kg for 14 days, compared with the untreated ischemia reperfusion group
Astaxanthin Pretreatment Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy via the ROS/MAPK Pathway in Mice.2015PMID:26023842Permalink
resveratrol — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“ALT also increased in older adults (+2.33 U/L) following resveratrol supplementation.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of resveratrol supplementation on biomarkers of liver health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

older adults
The effect of resveratrol supplementation on biomarkers of liver health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2023PMID:36642444Permalink
ethanol — increases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Finding
“Chronic ethanol consumption resulted in significant increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase in MF (1.84-fold) and HF mice (2.33-fold), yet liver triglycerides only increased significantly in the HF model (1.62-fold).”
Quoted verbatim from Increased dietary fat contributes to dysregulation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway and increased damage in a mouse model of early-stage ethanol-mediated steatosis..
Study

animal · not in humans
Duration

6 weeks
Dose

ethanol 2%-6% in modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet, increasing concentrations, 6 weeks
Population

Male C57BL/6J mice pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli diet with moderate fat or high fat calories, with ethanol versus the same diet without ethanol
Increased dietary fat contributes to dysregulation of the LKB1/AMPK pathway and increased damage in a mouse model of early-stage ethanol-mediated steatosis.2013PMID:23465594Permalink
fucoxanthin — decreases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Finding
“FX and PE-M + CLA treatment significantly decreased ALT levels, whereas PE treatment slightly decreased ALT levels, compared with those in the HFD group.”
Quoted verbatim from Anti-Obesity Effect of Standardized Extract of Microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Containing Fucoxanthin..
Study

animal · not in humans
Duration

6 weeks
Dose

FX 0.1 mg/kg/day
Population

female C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks; FX arm compared with the high-fat-diet control arm
Anti-Obesity Effect of Standardized Extract of Microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum Containing Fucoxanthin.2019PMID:31137922Permalink
sodium benzoate — increases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Finding
“Administration of SB to rats with hepatocyte injury exacerbated liver damage with a significant increase in the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).”
Quoted verbatim from Sodium benzoate exacerbates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats..
Study

animal · not in humans
Duration

14 days
Dose

600 mg/kg, oral, 14 days
Population

rats with LPS-induced (0.25 mg/kg) hepatocyte injury given sodium benzoate 600 mg/kg orally for 14 days; LPS background present in both compared arms
Sodium benzoate exacerbates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats.2023PMID:36927185Permalink
berberine — decreases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Findingreplicated ×1
“However, oral administration of BBR not only reversed hepatocyte necrosis, but also decreased the elevated levels of TBA, ALP, TBIL, DBIL, ALT, and AST ( Supplementary Fig. 1A, 1B).”
Quoted verbatim from Gut microbiota-mediated berberine metabolism ameliorates cholestatic liver disease by suppressing 5-hydroxytryptamine production..
Study

animal · not in humans
Duration

7 days
Population

C57BL/6J mice with bile duct ligation-induced cholestatic liver injury; serum ALT by automated biochemical analyser
Gut microbiota-mediated berberine metabolism ameliorates cholestatic liver disease by suppressing 5-hydroxytryptamine production.2026PMID:41087029Permalink
L-isoleucine — decreases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Finding
“Isoleucine had a more pronounced lowering effect and significantly decreased ALT and CK18‐M30.”
Quoted verbatim from Intervention with isoleucine or valine corrects hyperinsulinemia and reduces intrahepatic diacylglycerols, liver steatosis, and inflammation in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice with manifest obesity-associated NASH..
Study

animal · not in humans
Participants

15
Duration

3 months
Dose

3% (w/w) isoleucine added to fast-food diet for 12 weeks
Population

Male Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice with fast-food-diet-induced obesity and NASH, 12-week dietary isoleucine (3% w/w) supplementation after a 26-week fast-food-diet run-in
Intervention with isoleucine or valine corrects hyperinsulinemia and reduces intrahepatic diacylglycerols, liver steatosis, and inflammation in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice with manifest obesity-associated NASH.2022PMID:35830259Permalink

Measured, no effect detected

10 findings

empagliflozin — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result
“In comparison with control group for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, empagliflozin treatment shows no substantial impact on ALT (SMD=-0.09; 95% CI=-0.37 to 0.18; P=0.50; Figure 4), AST (SMD=-0.26; 95% CI=-0.53 to 0.02; P=0.07; Figure 5), LDL (SMD=-0.31; 95% CI=-0.74 to 0.11; P=0.15; Figure 6) or TG (SMD=-0.17; 95% CI=-0.54 to 0.19; P=0.35; Figure 7).”
Quoted verbatim from Empagliflozin for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

10 mg daily
Population

Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pooled across randomized trials of empagliflozin 10 mg daily versus placebo
Effect -0.09 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.18
Empagliflozin for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2022PMID:36910362Permalink
NMN zwitterion — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result
“NMN supplementation did not significantly alter ALT levels: MD = −1.03 U/L, 95% CI −2.51 to 0.44, p = 0.169, I2 = 0%.”
Quoted verbatim from Safety and Metabolism-Related Outcomes of Oral Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

250-2000 mg/day oral across included trials
Population

Adults in randomized controlled trials of oral NMN or NMN-related preparations (including MIB-626) against placebo or no-NMN controls; random-effects pooled analysis of 10 comparisons
Effect -1.03 mean difference, 95% CI -2.51 to 0.44
Safety and Metabolism-Related Outcomes of Oral Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2026PMID:42514320Permalink
curcumin — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1
“A comparison of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and creatinine levels revealed no significant differences between the curcumin and placebo groups.”
Quoted verbatim from Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial..
Study

RCT
Dose

1500 mg/day curcuminoid extract
Population

obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, safety assessment
Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.2025PMID:41096556Industry fundedPermalink
resveratrol — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull result
“Interestingly, the result suggested that there was no significant efficacy of resveratrol on ALT level in NAFLD patients [SMD = −0.16, 95% CI (−0.67, 0.35), p = 0.542], nor was the efficacy in AST [SMD = −0.39, 95% CI (−0.95, 0.16), p = 0.167].”
Quoted verbatim from Integrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

300-3,000 mg/day, 8-24 weeks, pooled across trials
Population

adults with NAFLD, resveratrol vs placebo, 5 pooled clinical RCTs
Effect -0.16 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.67 to 0.35
Integrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses.2023PMID:37767399Permalink
berberine — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1
“The effect of BBR supplementation on ALT was non-significant (WMD = −4.22; 95%CI, −8.75 to 0.31; P = 0.068) (Table 3).”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Adults in randomised controlled trials of berberine (12 effect sizes pooled)
Effect -4.22 mean difference, 95% CI -8.75 to 0.31
The effects of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.2022PMID:36313096Permalink
curcumin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1
“Our results indicate that curcumin did not affect serum alanine aminotransferase, but it did reduce aspartate aminotransferase levels.”
Quoted verbatim from Does curcumin improve liver enzymes levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Does curcumin improve liver enzymes levels in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.2024PMID:38965866Permalink

Show the remaining 4

melatonin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result
“Melatonin had no significant effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) regarding the overall effect size.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of melatonin supplementation on liver indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (meta-analysis of RCTs, melatonin vs placebo)
The effect of melatonin supplementation on liver indices in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.2020PMID:32951697Permalink
berberine — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1
“However, berberine intake did not affect liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD = -1.66 I/U, 95% CI -3.98, 0.65, P = 0.160) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (WMD = -0.87 I/U, 95% CI -2.56, 0.82, P = 0.311).”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of berberine supplementation on obesity parameters, inflammation and liver function enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

adults with obesity or metabolic disorders; meta-analysis of 12 RCTs
The effect of berberine supplementation on obesity parameters, inflammation and liver function enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2020PMID:32690176Permalink
L-glutamine — no detected effect on
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.FindingNull result
“Likewise ALT and AST were not modified by glutamine supplementation (Table 3).”
Quoted verbatim from Long-term intermittent glutamine supplementation repairs intestinal damage (structure and functional mass) with advanced age: assessment with plasma citrulline in a rodent model..
Study

animal · not in humans
Dose

glutamine in drinking water 7 consecutive days a month for 10 months, 20% of dietary protein (about 0.8 g/rat/day)
Population

Very old (27-month) female Wistar rats given intermittent oral glutamine for 10 months versus water-only controls
Long-term intermittent glutamine supplementation repairs intestinal damage (structure and functional mass) with advanced age: assessment with plasma citrulline in a rodent model.2014PMID:25389959Permalink
fucoxanthin — no detected effect on
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.FindingNull result
“No significant differences were present in liver triglyceride and total cholesterol, hepatic fat accumulation, and serum alanine aminotransferase levels between control and FCX-fed mice regardless of whether they were on an HFC or HFS diet.”
Quoted verbatim from Consumption of Low Dose Fucoxanthin Does Not Prevent Hepatic and Adipose Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mouse Models of Diet-Induced Obesity..
Study

animal · not in humans
Dose

0.015% or 0.03% w/w FCX in HFC diet, 12 weeks; 0.01% w/w FCX in HFS diet, 8 weeks
Population

C57BL/6J mice, pooled across HFC (high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol) and HFS (high-fat/high-sucrose) diet-induced obesity models, FCX-supplemented diet vs same diet without FCX
Consumption of Low Dose Fucoxanthin Does Not Prevent Hepatic and Adipose Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mouse Models of Diet-Induced Obesity.2022PMID:35684079Permalink

How it is measured

Serum alanine aminotransferase catalytic activity by clinical enzymatic assay. Whether the reagent was supplemented with pyridoxal phosphate is recorded with each finding where stated, since it shifts measured activity.

Measured, not recorded

Subject: alanine aminotransferase
Measurements: 8 measurements
Recorded as a finding: No

Show what was measured

Alanine aminotransferase
no effect, p = 0.16
alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD = -1.66 I/U, 95% CI -3.98, 0.65, P = 0.160)
PMID:32690176 · one of two readings recorded this
alanine aminotransferase
no effect, p = 0.55
ALT (weighted mean differences (WMD): -0.39 mg/dl; 95% CI: -1.67 to 0.89, P = 0.55)
PMID:35623810 · one of two readings recorded this
Alanine aminotransferase
n = 43
ALT | Control | 42 | 39.9286 | 29.04697 | 1.52232 | 0.682 | 0.228 | 72 | 43 | 67.5814 | 39.27027 | − 1.60610 | 0.804 | − 0.174 | 73
PMID:35997951 · one of two readings recorded this
Alanine aminotransferase
n = 32
Intervention | 32 | 38.4063 | 27.55272 | 1.52232 | 32 | 69.1875 | 39.74470 | − 1.60610
PMID:35997951 · one of two readings recorded this
Alanine aminotransferase
decreases, p = 0.022, n = 51
ALT (SGPT) | 41.42 (37.65) | 19.88 (16.34) | 0.003 | −21.54 (6.55) | 53.53 (68.13) | 49.19 (55.30) | 0.735 | −4.3 (12.67) | 0.022
PMID:36597167 · one of two readings recorded this
Alanine aminotransferase
no effect, p = 0.866
CLA supplementation did not affect ALT levels significantly (WMD: 0.48 IU/L; 95%CI: -5.11 to 6.07; P = 0.866)
PMID:37794481 · one of two readings recorded this
alanine aminotransferase
no effect, p = 0.938, n = 194
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)b | 14 (10–21) | 14 (10–20) | 14 (9–28) | 17 (10–27) | 0.938
PMID:41456031 · one of two readings recorded this
alanine aminotransferase
decreases
Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels decreased, accompanied by lower values of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate
PMID:42282227 · one of two readings recorded this

Sources cited

33 papers

Subject: alanine aminotransferase
Findings: 33
Papers: 33