Ca(2+)

Three steps

• N-carbamoyl-beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of 3-Ureidopropionate

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-disulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-cysteine = S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• serotonin O-sulfateReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. serotonin + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = serotonin O-sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• CHEBI:240943Reach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 2-Methylbutyrylglycine Transport, Extracellular

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• hypochlorous acidReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Peroxidase

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• N-acetyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• Cys-tRNA(Cys)Reach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. L-Cysteine:tRNA(Cys) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• Asp-tRNA(Asp)Reach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Aspartate:tRNA(Asp) ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• hydrogen sulfideReach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• formic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• malonic acidReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Malonate Transport, Antiport with Chloride

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-carbamoyl-L-aspartateReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. carbamoyl phosphate + L-aspartate = N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• di-mu-sulfido-diiron(2+)Reach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. De novo synthesis of 2Fe2S

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 9 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, mitochondrial matrix

• L-ornithineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Homocarnosine
  2. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, GATMextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• N-methylserotoninReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:amine N-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetaldehydeReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of serotonin (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 5-Hydroxytryptamine:oxygen oxidoreductase(deaminating)(flavin-containing)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter (Nss) Tcdb:2.A.22.3.3

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• glycineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 9 routes

• 2-(N(omega)-L-arginino)succinateReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• carnosineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Homocarnosine
  2. L-homocarnosine + H2O = 4-aminobutanoate + L-histidine
  3. beta-alanine + L-histidine + ATP = carnosine + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CARNS1extracellular space, cytosol

• 4-guanidinobutanoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of Homocarnosine
  2. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + L-arginine = 4-guanidinobutanoate + L-ornithine

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, GATMextracellular space, cytosol

• N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMPReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. IMP:L-aspartate ligase (GDP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2-oxo-3-sulfanylpropanoateReach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. L-Cysteine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• succinate semialdehydeReach from here →
  1. Transport of Homocarnosine
  2. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  3. 4-aminobutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = succinate semialdehyde + L-glutamate

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, ABATextracellular space, cytosol

• guanidinoacetateReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of Guanidinoacetic Acid

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-methionineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of chloride and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 12 routes

• L-tryptophanReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Tryptophan by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• beta-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of beta-alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of alanine and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 19 routes

• L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Asparagine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(4)-(beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl)-L-asparagine + H2O = N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminylamine + L-aspartate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of chloride (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. Transport of L-Phenylalanine by Atb0 Transporter

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 14 routes

• gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. L-glutamate:L-cysteine gamma-ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• L-tyrosineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-tyrosine(out) + L-aspartate(in) = L-tyrosine(in) + L-aspartate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine + oxaloacetate = 5-(3,3-dimethylguanidino)-2-oxopentanoate + L-aspartate

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• histamineReach from here →
  1. Transport of Homocarnosine
  2. Hydrolysis of homocarnosine
  3. L-histidine carboxy-lyase (histamine-forming)

  Catalysed by CNDP1, CNDP2, HDCextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinateReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. 1-(5-Phosphoribosyl)-5-amino-4-carboxyimidazole:L-aspartate ligase (ADP-forming)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 7 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• S-sulfanyl-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. 2 L-cysteine = S-sulfanyl-L-cysteine + L-alanine

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-[(R)-4-phosphopantothenoyl]-L-cysteineReach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. (R)-4'-phosphopantothenate:L-cysteine ligase

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-sulfino-L-alanineReach from here →
  1. transport of Ca2+ and K+ (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. transport of aspartate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 3-sulfinoalanine and aspartate (cytosol to mitochondria)

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• thio-Mo-molybdopterinReach from here →
  1. Ca(2+)(out) + K(+)(out) + 4 Na(+)(in) = Ca(2+)(in) + K(+)(in) + 4 Na(+)(out)
  2. K(+)(in) + L-cysteine(out) + 3 Na(+)(out) + H(+)(out) = K(+)(out) + L-cysteine(in) + 3 Na(+)(in) + H(+)(in)
  3. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC24A1, SLC24A5, SLC24A4, SLC24A3 and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane