L-homocysteine thiolactone

Three steps

• L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
  3. transport of methionine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, MTR and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 6 routes

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, MTR and 1 morecytosol

• glutathione disulfideReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. Glutathione: 5-HPETE oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, GPX5 and 8 morecytosolOne of 13 routes

• taurolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and sulfotaurolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• histamineReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and histamine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-thyroxineReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and thyroxine (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• kynurenateReach from here →
  1. L-homocysteine thiolactone + H2O = L-homocysteine + H(+)
  2. L-homocysteine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + hydrogen sulfide + NH4(+) + H(+)
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by BPHL, CTH, AADAT

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
  3. phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (10-formyl-THF)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, MTR and 1 morecytosol

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, MTR and 1 morecytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate:L-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, MTR and 3 morecytosol

• S-sulfanylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. Sulfide:glutathione,quinone oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SQORcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• dopamineReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of dopamine and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• glycolithocholate 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and sulfoglycolithocholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin E2Reach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin E2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. glutathione gamma-glutamylaminopeptidase

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, GGTLC3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. L-homocysteine thiolactone + H2O = L-homocysteine + H(+)
  2. L-homocysteine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + hydrogen sulfide + NH4(+) + H(+)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+) = ubiquinol-10 + thiosulfate

  Catalysed by BPHL, CTH, SQOROne of 2 routes

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and noradrenaline (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-homocysteine thiolactone + H2O = L-homocysteine + H(+)
  2. L-homocysteine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + hydrogen sulfide + NH4(+) + H(+)
  3. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O

  Catalysed by BPHL, CTH, AADATOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. L-homocysteine thiolactone + H2O = L-homocysteine + H(+)
  2. L-homocysteine + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + hydrogen sulfide + NH4(+) + H(+)
  3. 2-iminobutanoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by BPHL, CTH, RIDA

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division (Rnd) Tcdb:2.A.60.1.2

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• ursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and ursodeoxycholate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. transport of GSH and thromboxane B2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. arylesterase (homocysteine-thiolactone)
  2. Formation of Homocystine
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by PON1, PON2, PON3, SLCO1A2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes