2-oxobutanoate

Three steps

• (R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol

• (13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 5 routes

• 2-aminoprop-2-enoateReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  2. D-serine = pyruvate + NH4(+)
  3. D-serine = 2-aminoprop-2-enoate + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT2, SRR

• 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CRAT, CROTcytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by ACOT7, ACAA1, HSD17B4, EHHADH and 1 morecytosol, peroxisome

• hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine

  Catalysed by ACOT7, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1BcytosolOne of 2 routes

• O-dodecanoyl-R-carnitineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Active Transport
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (dodecanoylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1Bcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 3 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• 3-phenyllactateReach from here →
  1. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  2. glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine = 3-phenylpyruvate + glycine
  3. Formation of Phenyl-Lactate

  Catalysed by AGXT2, AADATcytosol

• 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-kynurenine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + kynurenate + H2O
  2. kynurenate(out) + glutarate(in) = kynurenate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by AADAT, SLC22A6, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1cytosolOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• O-4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Active Transport
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by CRAT, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 5 routes

• (3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ACOT7, ACADM, ECHS1, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, GLYATL2One of 2 routes

• (2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, BAAT

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, BAAT

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine = acetaldehyde + glycine
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SHMT1, BAAT

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. L-threonine = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)
  2. L-threonine(in) + L-glutamine(out) + Na(+)(out) = L-threonine(out) + L-glutamine(in) + Na(+)(in)
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SDS, SDSL, SLC1A5, GLYATL1B and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutyrate oxidation
  2. Propanoyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ACOT7, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. 2-oxobutanoate + L-alanine = (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + pyruvate
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. thromboxane B2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = thromboxane B2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes