UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine

Three steps

• a neolactoside III(3)-alpha-Fuc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  2. a beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a neolactoside nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  3. a neolactoside nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a neolactoside III(3)-alpha-Fuc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + GDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC35A2, B4GALT3, B4GALT4, B4GALT1 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• beta-D-3-sulfogalactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (GA2)
  3. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = beta-D-3-sulfogalactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, HEXA, HEXB, HEXD and 1 morecytosol

• a ganglioside GT3 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GD3 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. Hexosaminidase A, Lysosomal
  3. alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, HEXA, HEXB, ST8SIA5 and 1 morelysosome, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• a ganglioside GD1a (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GM2)
  3. beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• a ganglioside GT1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GD3 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GD2)
  3. beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC35A2, UGT8, ST3GAL5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4 and 1 more

• a ganglioside Fuc-GM1 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GM2)
  3. a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)) + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a ganglioside Fuc-GM1 (d18:1(4E)) + GDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, B3GALT4, FUT2cytosol

• a ganglioside GD3Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GM2 + H2O = a ganglioside GM3 + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine
  3. a ganglioside GM3 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD3 + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, HEXA, HEXB, ST8SIA3 and 1 more

• a ganglioside GD1aReach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GM2 + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 + UDP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GM1 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1a + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL2

• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramideReach from here →
  1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  2. an N-acyl-sphingoid base + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC35A2, UGT8, ST3GAL5inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-ceramideReach from here →
  1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  2. an N-acyl-sphingoid base + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-ceramide + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC35A2, UGT8, GAL3ST1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• an N-acyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  2. an N-acyl-sphingoid base + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + UDP + H(+)
  3. an N-acyl-sphingoid base + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC35A2, UGT8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a ganglioside GA1Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GM2 + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 + UDP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GM1 + H2O = a ganglioside GA1 + N-acetylneuraminate

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, B3GALT4, NEU3, NEU2

• beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-D-glucoseReach from here →
  1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  2. D-glucose + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = lactose + UDP + H(+)
  3. lactose + GDP-beta-L-fucose = beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[alpha-L-fucosyl-(1->3)]-D-glucose + GDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC35A2, B4GALT2, B4GALT1, FUT3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a ganglioside Fuc-GM1Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GM2 + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 + UDP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GM1 + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a ganglioside Fuc-GM1 + GDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, B3GALT4, FUT1, FUT2