L-alanine

Three steps

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• (2E,5Z)-tetradecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (5-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (2E,7Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (7-hexadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-methylmalateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, AADAT, CLYBLmitochondrial matrix

• cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SOAT1mitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, PTGES and 5 moremitochondrial matrix

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GPX1 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoateReach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2 = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoate + malonaldehyde

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2, TBXAS1 and 2 more

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH + H(+)
  3. thromboxane B2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = thromboxane B2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by AGXT2, LDHA, LDHB, LDHC and 3 moremitochondrial matrix, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 4 routes

• 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NAD(+) = 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2, HPGD

• a 3-oxoacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by AGXT, AGXT2, GSS, GSTT4 and 22 moremitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F8

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  2. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H1 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H1 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2, CYP4F8

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA:taurine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B, BAATmitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 8 routes

• thiamine(1+) diphosphateReach from here →
  1. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine-diphosphate[m] + lipoamide[m] = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide[m] + thiamin-PP[m]

  Catalysed by AGXT2, PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2 and 1 moremitochondrial matrix