glycolate

Three steps

• (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• (2S)-2-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBLcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Production of Suberylcarnitine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBLcytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 7 routes

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 2-iminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. (2S)-2-aminobutanoate + glyoxylate = 2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 2-iminobutanoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH4(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT2, RIDA

• (R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 5 routes

• 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CRAT, CROTcytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ACAA1, HSD17B4 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, CPT1A, CPT1C and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ACSM4, ACSM1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• 3-phenyllactateReach from here →
  1. glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + NADPH + H(+)
  2. glyoxylate + L-phenylalanine = 3-phenylpyruvate + glycine
  3. Formation of Phenyl-Lactate

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AADATcytosol

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, ACADM, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, GLYATL2cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, BAATcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. acetyl-CoA[m] + glyoxalate[m] + H2O[m] = CoA[m] + H+[m] + malate[m]
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, CLYBL, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. glycolate:NADP+ oxidoreductase
  2. L-Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by GRHPR, AGXT, AGXT2, PDHA1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix