1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one

Three steps

• S-methyl-L-methionineReach from here →
  1. Acireductone Dixoygenase 1
  2. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  3. S-methyl-L-methionine + L-homocysteine = 2 L-methionine + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADI1, TAT, BHMT2cytosol

• N-acetylputrescineReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylputrescine + H2O = putrescine + acetate

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamideReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate + CO + formate + 2 H(+)
  2. (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + formate + ATP = (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + ADP + phosphate
  3. (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide = 5-formamido-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

  Catalysed by ADI1, MTHFD1, MTHFD1L, ATIC

• N(8)-acetylspermidineReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N(8)-acetylspermidine + H2O = spermidine + acetate

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (3S)-citramalyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (3S)-citramalyl-CoA = pyruvate + acetyl-CoA

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugateReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of acetate and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an N-acetyl-L-cysteine-S-conjugate + H2O = an S-substituted L-cysteine + acetate

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A1 and 1 morecytosol, extracellular space

• L-methionine (S)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. Acireductone Dixoygenase 1
  2. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (S)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by ADI1, TAT, MSRAcytosol

• L-methionine (R)-S-oxideReach from here →
  1. Acireductone Dixoygenase 1
  2. tyrosine aminotransferase (4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid)
  3. [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol

  Catalysed by ADI1, TAT, MSRB3, MSRB1 and 1 morecytosol

• 5-amino-2-oxopentanoateReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. L-ornithine + pyruvate = 5-amino-2-oxopentanoate + L-alanine

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 4-aminobutanoateReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of chloride and formate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of 4-aminobutyrate and chloride (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC26A4, SLC6A12cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (4R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• xanthurenateReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + glyoxylate = xanthurenate + glycine + H2O

  Catalysed by ADI1, AADAT, KYAT3

• (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarateReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (4S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + pyruvate

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 3-methylmalateReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihydroxy-5-(methylsulfanyl)pent-1-en-3-one + O2 = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + formate + 2 H(+)
  2. glyoxylate + L-methionine = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + glycine
  3. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by ADI1, AADAT, CLYBL

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. acireductone dioxygenase
  2. transport of formate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by ADI1, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A7 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space, mitochondrial matrix