a triacylglycerol

Three steps

• (8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (omega-3-arachidonic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 10 routes

• heptadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (9Z)-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (9-heptadecylenic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• (11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatrienoic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = (15Z)-tetracosenoate + sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by LPL, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2extracellular space

• 1-acyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + H2O = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a triacylglycerol + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-acyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by LIPA, PNPLA4, LIPN, PNPLA2 and 2 more

• nonadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (nonadecylic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 6 routes

• (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by LPL, ALOX12Bextracellular space

• 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + H2O = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a triacylglycerol + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-acyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by LIPA, PNPLA4, LIPN, PNPLA2 and 3 more

• (8S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Arachidonate:oxygen 8-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LPL, ALOX12extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol + H2O = 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + octadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, ABHD11extracellular space

• a 2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. an acyl-CoA + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = a triacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA
  3. a triacyl-sn-glycerol + H2O = a 2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, AWAT2 and 4 moreextracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 1-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + H2O = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1-acylglycerol + a 1,2-diacylglycerol = a triacylglycerol + glycerol
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glycerol = 1-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-glycerol + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by LIPA, PNPLA4, LIPN, PNPLA2 and 2 more

• 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + H2O = a 1,2-diacylglycerol + a fatty acid + H(+)
  2. a 1-acylglycerol + a 1,2-diacylglycerol = a triacylglycerol + glycerol
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + glycerol = 1-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerol + 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by LIPA, PNPLA4, LIPN, PNPLA2 and 2 more

• 2-O-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenylglycerolReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. fatty acid amide hydrolase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by LPL, FAAHextracellular space, cytosol

• (R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetracosanoate + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + H2O

  Catalysed by LPL, FA2Hextracellular space

• di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerolReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + all-trans-retinol = an all-trans-retinyl ester + a diacylglycerol
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. 1,2,3-tri-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + all-trans-retinol = all-trans-retinyl 9Z-octadecenoate + di-(9Z)-octadecenoylglycerol

  Catalysed by PNPLA4, PNPLA2, CES2, RBP4 and 16 morecytosol

• 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a triacylglycerol + all-trans-retinol = an all-trans-retinyl ester + a diacylglycerol
  2. carboxylesterase (retinyl-ester)
  3. all-trans-retinol + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoate + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by PNPLA4, PNPLA2, CES2, RBP4 and 17 morecytosol

• 1-O-alkyl-3-acylglycerolReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a sphingomyelin + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. 1-O-alkylglycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-alkyl-3-acylglycerol + a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by LPL, SGMS1, SGMS2, PLA2G15extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• docosanedioateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation by Hydroxylases (C22->C22Dc), Endoplasmatic Reticulum

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP4F2, CYP4F3extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Suberylcarnitine

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-DPA)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• (R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• (13Z)-eicosenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((13Z)-eicosenoic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 10 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 5 routes

• 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a sphingomyelin + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
  3. 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by LPL, SGMS1, SGMS2, PLA2G15extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 24-hydroxytetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetracosanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 24-hydroxytetracosanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP4F2, CYP4F3extracellular space

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonic acid:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and 24 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP2C9extracellular space

• 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and 2 moreextracellular space

• 11-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. lauric acid[r] + O2[r] + FMNH2[r] = FMN[r] + H2O[r] + 11-hydroxydodecanoate[r]

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP2E1extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• (17R,18S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (17R,18S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and 4 moreextracellular space

• (17S,18R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (17S,18R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP2J2extracellular space

• 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. EPA[r] + O2[r] + FMNH2[r] = FMN[r] + H2O[r] + 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate[r]

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP2E1extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP4F2, CYP4F3, CYP4V2extracellular space

• 22-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 22-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP4F2, CYP4F3, CYP4V2 and 1 moreextracellular space

• 14-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. alkane 1-monooxygenase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, CYP4A11, CYP4A22extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 6 moreextracellular space, cytosol, peroxisome

• hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 5 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycerol + H2O = 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerol + octadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPL, ABHD11extracellular space

• pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 3 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. acyl-CoA:1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol O-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)

  Catalysed by LPL, DGAT1, MOGAT2, MOGAT3 and 8 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by LPL, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moreextracellular space

• N-dodecanoyl-(4R)-hydroxysphinganineReach from here →
  1. triacylglycerol acylhydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(4R)-hydroxysphinganine + H2O = (4R)-hydroxysphinganine + dodecanoate

  Catalysed by LPL, ASAH1extracellular space