L-cysteine

Three steps

• all-trans-4-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. cytochrome P450 (retinoate)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 4 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• N-acetylcadaverineReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-acetylcadaverine + H2O = cadaverine + acetate

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 7-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 22 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 13-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 22 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• cholesterol sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  3. Steryl-Sulfatase

  Catalysed by CTH, SOD1, STScytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 13(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 13(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13R)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, PTGS1, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  3. steroid sulfatase (5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone)

  Catalysed by CTH, SOD1, STScytosolOne of 3 routes

• 16(R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 22 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (13S,14S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + glutathione = (13R)-S-glutathionyl-(14S)-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,9E,11E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by CTH, TSTD1, GSTM4, LTC4Scytosol

• 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 + O2 = 2-[(15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazoleReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + L-glutamine + ATP + H2O = 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + L-glutamate + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. 2-formamido-N(1)-(5-O-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)acetamidine + ATP = 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)imidazole + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, PFAS and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-(prostaglandin G2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + AH2 = 2-(prostaglandin H2)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and cysteine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-glutamyltransferase (alanine)
  3. N-(4-oxoglutaryl)-L-cysteinylglycine + H2O = L-cysteinylglycine + 2-oxoglutarate

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GGTLC3, GGT1, GGT5 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. octanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyoctanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, CROT, PHYHmitochondrial matrix

• 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (decanoic acid)
  3. decanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACSM4, ACSM1, ACSM2A and 4 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lauric acid)
  3. dodecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxydodecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = 2-hydroxytetradecanoyl-CoA + succinate + CO2

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 11-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 11-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 9-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 9-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. 13-cis-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = 13-cis-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. all-trans-retinol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = all-trans-retinyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• tetradecyl tetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecan-1-ol + tetradecanoyl-CoA = tetradecyl tetradecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• all-trans-retinoyl-1-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. glucuronosyltransferase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 6 morecytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• all-trans-18-hydroxyretinoateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of pyruvate and retinoate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (retinoate)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 28 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• a phenyl acetateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. transport of acetate and pyruvate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. a phenyl acetate + H2O = a phenol + acetate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A3 and 5 morecytosol, extracellular space

• an aryl sulfateReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. hydrogen sulfide + 2 O2 = sulfate + H(+)
  3. an aryl sulfate + H2O = a phenol + sulfate + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, SOD1, ARSL, ARSF and 4 morecytosol

• S-methyl glutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + methylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-methyl glutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, TSTD1, MMACHCcytosol

• N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-octanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = octanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, AADAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-decanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = decanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, AADAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-dodecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = dodecanamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, AADAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = tetradecamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, AADAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z)-octadecenamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, AADAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. N-(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine = (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienamide + glyoxylate

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, AADAT and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 3-(methylthio)propionic acidReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. methanethiol + O2 + H2O = hydrogen sulfide + formaldehyde + H2O2 + H(+)
  3. leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase (3-(methylthio)propionic acid)

  Catalysed by CTH, SELENBP1cytosol

• an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid baseReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a sphingoid base + octadecanoyl-CoA = an N-octadecanoyl-sphingoid base + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactoneReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glutamine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. D-fructose 6-phosphate + L-glutamine = D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + L-glutamate
  3. D-glucosamine 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A10, GFPT2 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• 2,3-didehydrophenylalanineReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine
  3. glycyldehydrophenylalanine + H2O = 2,3-didehydrophenylalanine + glycine

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, DPEP1extracellular space, cytosol

• S-adenosylglutathioneReach from here →
  1. L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (deaminating
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. apo-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + adenosylcob(III)alamin + glutathione = S-adenosylglutathione + cob(I)alamin-[alkylcobalamin reductase] + H(+)

  Catalysed by CTH, TSTD1, MMACHCcytosol

• 8-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. arachidonate to 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate conversion

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamideReach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and glycine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosylamine + glycine + ATP = N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6R)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate = N(2)-formyl-N(1)-(5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl)glycinamide + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC3A2, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, GARTextracellular space, cytosol

• kinetensin-(1-8)Reach from here →
  1. transport of cysteine and phenylalanine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. Chymase
  3. kinetensin + H2O = kinetensin-(1-8) + L-leucine

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, CMA1, ACE2extracellular space, cytosol

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serineReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. transport of arachidonate and GSH (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-serine

  Catalysed by FAAH, PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-(10Z-heptadecenoyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  2. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase ((7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA)
  3. (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol