UDP-alpha-D-galactose

Three steps

• a ganglioside GD3 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-Glc-(1<->1)-Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by B4GALT5, B4GALT6, ST3GAL5, ST8SIA1cytosolOne of 5 routes

• a ganglioside GT1a (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• a ganglioside GQ1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GD1b (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL2 and 1 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• a ganglioside GD1alpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1alpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL2 and 4 more

• a ganglioside GT1aalpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  3. a ganglioside GD1a (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT1aalpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL2 and 1 morecytosol

• a ganglioside GQ1balpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GD1b (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  3. a ganglioside GT1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GQ1balpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL2 and 1 morecytosol

• a ganglioside GM3Reach from here →
  1. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  2. a ganglioside GM3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 + UDP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GM2 + H2O = a ganglioside GM3 + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine

  Catalysed by SLC35A2, B4GALNT1, HEXA, HEXBinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = D-galactose + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin

  Catalysed by UGT8, GBA1, GALC, GBA3 and 2 more

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-acyl-sn-3-glycerolReach from here →
  1. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = D-galactose + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-acyl-sn-3-glycerol + a sphingomyelin = a 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by UGT8, GBA1, GALC, GBA3 and 3 more

• beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid

  Catalysed by GALT, UGCG, ASAH1

• a ganglioside GD1c (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GA2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GA1 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL2 and 3 more

• a ganglioside GM1bReach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM2 + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GM1 + H2O = a ganglioside GA1 + N-acetylneuraminate
  3. a ganglioside GA1 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM1b + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, NEU3, NEU2, ST3GAL1 and 1 more

• a ganglioside Fuc-GA1Reach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM2 + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GM1 + H2O = a ganglioside GA1 + N-acetylneuraminate
  3. a ganglioside GA1 + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a ganglioside Fuc-GA1 + GDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, NEU3, NEU2, FUT1 and 1 more

• a ganglioside GT1aReach from here →
  1. a ganglioside GM2 + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 + UDP + H(+)
  2. a ganglioside GM1 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1a + CMP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GD1a + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT1a + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B3GALT4, ST3GAL1, ST3GAL2, ST8SIA6

• an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)
  3. a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by UGT8, ST3GAL5, ST8SIA6

• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramideReach from here →
  1. an N-acyl-sphingoid base + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + UDP + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP + H(+)
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by UGT8, ST3GAL5, ST8SIA6