L-methionine

Three steps

• O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• O-4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• (2E,5Z)-tetradecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (5-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (2E,7Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (7-hexadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by NAGS, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 3-methylmalateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AADAT, CLYBLextracellular space, cytosol

• cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, PTGES, MGST3 and 4 moreextracellular space, cytosol

• Se-methylselenocysteineReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:thiol S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, GPX1, GPX4extracellular space, cytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoateReach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2 = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoate + malonaldehyde

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, PTGS1, PTGS2, TBXAS1 and 2 more

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine:glycine ligase (ADP-forming)
  3. transport of GSH and thromboxane B2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, SLCO1B1extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NAD(+) = 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, PTGS2, HPGD

• a 3-oxoacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CoA

  Catalysed by NAGS, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moremitochondrial matrix, Golgi apparatus

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. transport of glycine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + glycine + ATP = glutathione + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, GSS, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F8

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-SH + AH2 + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2-methylsulfanyl-N(6)-L-threonylcarbamoyladenosine(37) in tRNA + (sulfur carrier)-H + 5'-deoxyadenosine + L-methionine + A + S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 2 H(+)
  2. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H1 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H1 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CDKAL1, PTGS2, CYP4F8

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetylmethionine)
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA:taurine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by NAGS, ACAA1, SCP2, MYO5B and 1 moremitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 8 routes

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of alanine and methionine (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (R)-3-Amino-2-methylpropanoate:pyruvate aminotransferase
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC7A5, AGXT2, PDHA1, PDHB and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix