a sphingomyelin

Three steps

• 16-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1cytosol, extracellular space

• an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheineReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + H2O = an acyl-4'-phosphopantetheine + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

• 21-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. DHA[r] + O2[r] + FMNH2[r] = FMN[r] + H2O[r] + 21-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate[r]

  Catalysed by CYP2E1cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 13-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. myristic acid[r] + O2[r] + FMNH2[r] = FMN[r] + H2O[r] + 13-hydroxytetradecanoate[r]

  Catalysed by CYP2E1cytosol, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by PTGS2cytosol, extracellular space

• (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by PTGS2cytosol, extracellular space

• prostaglandin G1Reach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + 2 O2 = prostaglandin G1

  Catalysed by PTGS2cytosol, extracellular space

• prostaglandin G3Reach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + 2 O2 = prostaglandin G3

  Catalysed by PTGS2cytosol, extracellular space

• 10-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 10-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP3A4, CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + O2 = (17S)-hydroperoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX5, ALOX15cytosol, extracellular space

• 14-hydroperoxy-(7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + O2 = 14-hydroperoxy-(7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX15cytosol, extracellular space

• (8S,15S)-dihydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 O2 = (8S,15S)-dihydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX15cytosol, extracellular space

• (14R,15S)-dihydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,12E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 O2 = (14R,15S)-dihydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,12E)-eicosatetraenoate

  Catalysed by ALOX15cytosol, extracellular space

• 19,20-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19,20-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F8, CYP4F12cytosol, extracellular space

• 16,17-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16,17-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F8, CYP4F12cytosol, extracellular space

• 13,14-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 13,14-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F8, CYP4F12cytosol, extracellular space

• 10,11-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 10,11-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F8, CYP4F12cytosol, extracellular space

• 19,20-epoxy-(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19,20-epoxy-(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F8, CYP4F12cytosol, extracellular space

• 16,17-epoxy-(7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-docosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16,17-epoxy-(7Z,10Z,13Z,19Z)-docosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F8, CYP4F12cytosol, extracellular space

• 13,14-epoxy-(7Z,10Z,16Z,19Z)-docosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 13,14-epoxy-(7Z,10Z,16Z,19Z)-docosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F8, CYP4F12cytosol, extracellular space

• 10,11-epoxy-(7Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 10,11-epoxy-(7Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP4F8, CYP4F12cytosol, extracellular space

• 2,4-dinitrophenyl-S-glutathioneReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. L-phenylalanine + (9Z)-octadecenoate = N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanineReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-phenylalanine = N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-phenylalanine + H2O

  Catalysed by PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucineReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-L-leucine + H2O = L-leucine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• (19R,20S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (19R,20S)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and 3 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (19S,20R)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (19S,20R)-epoxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CYP2D6 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular space

• 8,9-epoxy-(5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 8,9-epoxy-(5Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP2C8, CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• 14,15-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 14,15-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,17Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP2C8, CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• 7-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 22 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 13-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 22 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• cholesterol sulfateReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate = cholesterol sulfate + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, SULT2B1, SULT1C2endoplasmic reticulum

• 13(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 13(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CYP2C9cytosol, extracellular space

• a 3-(acyloxy)acyl derivative of bacterial toxinReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid
  3. a 3-(acyloxy)acyl derivative of bacterial toxin + H2O = a 3-hydroxyacyl derivative of bacterial toxin + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAAA, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum

• 1-O-(1Z-octadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-hexadecanoyl-ethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-(1Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-hexadecanoyl-ethanolamine + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)
  3. 1-O-(1Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-hexadecanoyl-ethanolamine + H2O = 1-O-(1Z-octadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-hexadecanoyl-ethanolamine + (9Z)-octadecenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SGMS2, PLA2G4E, ABHD4

• 16(R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. unspecific monooxygenase (arachidonate)

  Catalysed by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and 22 morecytosol, extracellular space

• (11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatrienoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = (11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosatrienoyl)-cholesterol + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, LCATendoplasmic reticulum

• 1-O-(1Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-(1Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-hexadecanoyl-ethanolamine + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)
  3. 1-O-(1Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-hexadecanoyl-ethanolamine + H2O = 1-O-(1Z-octadecenoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + N-hexadecanoylethanolamine + H(+)

  Catalysed by SGMS2, PLA2G4E, NAPEPLD

• sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H2O = 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SGMS2, PLA2G10, PLA2G6, PLA2G1B and 11 more

• 8-hydroperoxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonate to 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate conversion

  No catalyst recordedcytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• 1,2,3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1,2,3-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerol + H2O = 1,2-di-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerol + (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by DAGLBcytosol, extracellular space

• 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine = 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SGMS2, TAFAZZIN, PLA2G4C

• N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serineReach from here →
  1. SM pool hydrolysis
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. N-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-L-serine + H2O = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + L-serine

  Catalysed by FAAH, PM20D1cytosol, extracellular space

• cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (7Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, SOAT1endoplasmic reticulum

• (7Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytosol

• acetylcholineReach from here →
  1. Sphingomyelin cholinephosphohydrolase
  2. Phosphocholine phosphohydrolase
  3. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase

  Catalysed by SMPD2, SMPD1, ENPP7, SMPD4 and 3 morecytosolOne of 3 routes

• arachidonoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• palmitoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• oleoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ceramide cholinephosphotransferase (CDP-choline)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes