a ganglioside GM3 (d18:1(4E))

Three steps

• a ganglioside GD1alpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1alpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 5 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GT1aalpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GD1a (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT1aalpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GQ1balpha (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GT1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GQ1balpha (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside Fuc-GM1 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase (GM3)
  2. beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GM2)
  3. a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)) + GDP-beta-L-fucose = a ganglioside Fuc-GM1 (d18:1(4E)) + GDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by B4GALNT1, B3GALT4, FUT2cytosol

• a ganglioside GD3Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GM3 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD3 + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 3 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GT3Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GD3 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT3 + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GD1aReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GM1 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1a + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 3 morecytosol, nucleus

• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramideReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a beta-D-Gal-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GT1bReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GD1b + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT1b + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 3 morecytosol, nucleus

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)

  Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• (3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, ACADM, ECHS1 and 2 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, HADHA, ACAA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)

  Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 8 routes

• a ganglioside GD1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleusOne of 5 routes

• a ganglioside GD1c (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GM1b (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 4 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GQ1c (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GT1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GQ1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GP1c (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GQ1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GP1c (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acyl-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acyl-sphing-4-enine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-[N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->6)]-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acyl-sphing-4-enine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 3 morecytosol, nucleus

• tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. ST8 alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate)
  2. solute carrier (acetyl-CoA)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)

  Catalysed by ST8SIA1, SLC33A1, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 6 morecytosolOne of 4 routes

• a ganglioside GM1bReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GA1 + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM1b + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 3 morecytosol, nucleus

• ganglioside GD1a (18:1(4E)/18:0)Reach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)/18:0) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = ganglioside GD1a (18:1(4E)/18:0) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 3 morecytosol, nucleus

• a neolactoside IV(3)-alpha-NeuAc-nLc4CerReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a neolactoside nLc4Cer + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a neolactoside IV(3)-alpha-NeuAc-nLc4Cer + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GT1aReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GD1a + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GT1a + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GD1cReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GM1b + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GD1c + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramideReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->8)-N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminosyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-ceramide + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• a ganglioside GQ1bReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. CTP:N-acetylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase
  3. a ganglioside GT1b + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GQ1b + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 2 morecytosol, nucleus

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. exo-alpha-sialidase (GM3)
  2. N-Acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase (N-acetyl-D-mannosamine-forming)
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by NEU4, NEU1, NEU3, NEU2 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix