taurine

Three steps

• tricosanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)
  3. Tricosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO2A1peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• cholesteryl octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• N-octadecanoylhexadecasphinganineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. hexadecasphinganine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoylhexadecasphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(out) + glutarate(in) = taurocholate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC22A24, SLC22A8peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
  3. deoxycholoyl-CoA to glycodeoxycholate conversion

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5peroxisome, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• sphinga-4E,14Z-dienineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• 1',3'-bis-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1'-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-3'-[1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1',3'-bis-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• a 1-acyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + octadecanoyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + cholesterol = (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterol + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• cholesteryl (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• O-4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 7 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 moreperoxisome, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 moreperoxisome, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (2E,5Z)-tetradecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (5-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (2E,7Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (7-hexadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 moreperoxisome, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, PTGES, MGST3 and 4 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GPX1, GPX4peroxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2 = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoate + malonaldehyde

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS1, PTGS2, TBXAS1 and 2 more

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)
  3. transport of GSH and thromboxane B2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by BAAT, SLCO1A2, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1peroxisome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NAD(+) = 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2, HPGD

• a 3-oxoacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CoA

  Catalysed by BAAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 5 moreperoxisome, Golgi apparatus

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. Choloyl-CoA:glycine N-choloyltransferase
  2. taurocholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurocholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by BAAT, ABCC4, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreperoxisome, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + 2 O2 = prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F8

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. uridine(34) in tRNA + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + taurine + GTP + A + H2O = 5-taurinomethyluridine(34) in tRNA + 7,8-dihydrofolate + GDP + AH2 + phosphate + H(+)
  2. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin H1 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H1 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by MTO1, PTGS2, CYP4F8