Endpoint
Plasma nitrate concentration
Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.
CAT:outcome/plasma-nitratereported in micromol/L8 findings from 2 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks8 findings · 2 compounds · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| nitrate | up | 7 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| Beta vulgaris | up | 1 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
Reported to move it
8 findings
nitrate — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×6“The plasma NO3− concentration was elevated with BRJ intake (p < 0.05).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Venous Vascular Response to Static Exercise in Healthy Young Adults.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 16
- Population
- healthy young adults
Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Venous Vascular Response to Static Exercise in Healthy Young Adults.2022PMID:36364727Permalink
nitrate — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×6“Plasma [NO3−] was greater in BR-HIGH ( P < 0.001, g = 5.96), BR-MOD ( P < 0.001, g = 2.65), and BR-LOW ( P < 0.001, d z = 4.52) compared to PL.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 18
- Dose
- 4 x 70 mL concentrated beetroot juice supplying ~6, ~12 or ~24 mmol nitrate, single acute dose 2.5 h before exercise
- Population
- 18 resistance-trained young men; all three nitrate doses (~6, ~12, ~24 mmol) versus nitrate-depleted beetroot juice placebo
The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.2025PMID:40274664Permalink
Beta vulgaris — increases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding“Compared with placebo, active BJ significantly increased plasma nitrate and nitrite levels both in HD patients and HV.”
Quoted verbatim from Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Kinetics after Single Intake of Beetroot Juice in Adult Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis and in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 1 day
- Dose
- Single 70 mL dose of concentrated beetroot juice providing 400 mg nitrate; blood sampled up to 44 h
- Population
- Adult chronic haemodialysis patients and age-matched healthy volunteers, estimate stated for both groups together
Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Kinetics after Single Intake of Beetroot Juice in Adult Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis and in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.2022PMID:35745210Permalink
nitrate — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“N O 3 - ingestion increased (p < .001) plasma NO3-, plasma NO2-, and breath NO by 1,051% ± 433%, 138% ± 149%, and 111% ± 115%, respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from A Single Dose of Dietary Nitrate Increases Maximal Knee Extensor Angular Velocity and Power in Healthy Older Men and Women.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- 13.4 ± 1.6 mmol nitrate, single dose, beetroot juice, tested 2 hours post-ingestion
- Population
- Twelve healthy older men and women (age 71 ± 5 years), acute single dose
A Single Dose of Dietary Nitrate Increases Maximal Knee Extensor Angular Velocity and Power in Healthy Older Men and Women.2020PMID:31231758Permalink
nitrate — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“In contrast, plasma NO3 − and NO2 − concentrations were significantly elevated 1 and 2 h post‐ingestion of NO3 −‐containing BRJ, as well as 10 min after completion of the exercise testing (approximately 2.5 h post‐ingestion).”
Quoted verbatim from The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 18
- Dose
- 140 mL concentrated beetroot juice containing 15.6 +/- 3.6 mmol nitrate, single acute dose
- Population
- 18 community-dwelling older women, mean age 70 years
The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women.2023PMID:37226336Permalink
nitrate — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Serum nitrate and nitrite concentrations were elevated five- to sixfold and 1.5- to 2-fold, respectively, in the NR-BEETx group, with peak concentrations occurring at week 8 and showing a plateau or slight decrease at week 12.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of 12-wk dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 8.8 mmol/day nitrate-rich beetroot extract (NR-BEETx)
- Population
- postmenopausal females (60-85 yr)
Effect of 12-wk dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.2025PMID:40066813Permalink
Show the remaining 2
nitrate — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Circulating nitrate and nitrite increased significantly after NR-BJ in both males and females.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females.. - Study
- crossover
- Dose
- Nitrate-rich beetroot juice (~10 mmol nitrate), single oral dose vs nitrate-depleted (~0.34 mmol)
- Population
- Healthy adults (8 male, 8 female; 20-40y); single oral dose
Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females.2026PMID:41371545Permalink
nitrate — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Following DNS, plasma [nitrite] (∼670 vs. ∼180 nmol) and [nitrate] (∼775 vs. ∼11 μmol) were significantly elevated compared with PLA.”
Quoted verbatim from On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 3 days
- Dose
- Beetroot juice, 4.1 mmol NO3-/day, 3-day supplementation vs placebo
- Population
- Recreationally active men, n=11; cycling exercise trial
On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.2021PMID:34672767Permalink
How it is measured
Plasma or serum nitrate by ozone chemiluminescence, Griess assay or HPLC, with the assay recorded with each finding.
Measured, not recorded
- Subject
- plasma nitrate concentration
- Measurements
- 9 measurements
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
plasma nitrate concentration
increases, p = 0.001, n = 14
there was a rapid rise (~16-fold) in nitrate concentration appearing after the first 30 min, peaking at 1.5h and remaining at this level up to 6h following ingestion (P<0.001 compared to control)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
unclear, p = 0.05, n = 14
Nitrate levels showed a trend to remain elevated at 24h following beetroot juice compared to water (P=0.05)
PMID:18250365 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
increases
In nitrate-supplemented hypoxic rats, nitrate concentrations were 89% higher than in non-supplemented hypoxic rats
PMID:25172947 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
increases, p = 0.001
In normoxic rats, nitrate supplementation increased circulating nitrate concentrations by 80% (P ≤ 0.001) compared with normoxic controls
PMID:25172947 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
increases, p = 0.001
N O 3 - ingestion increased (p < .001) plasma NO3-, plasma NO2-, and breath NO by 1,051% ± 433%, 138% ± 149%, and 111% ± 115%, respectively.
PMID:31231758 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
no effect, p = 0.05, n = 13
As expected, the consumption of a placebo supplement did not alter plasma nitrate (n = 13) and nitrite (n = 13), or muscle nitrate (n = 11) and nitrite (n = 11) concentrations (all P > 0.05; Fig. 3).
PMID:31350908 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
increases, before 15 ± 6 µM, after 574 ± 120 µM, n = 16
The plasma NO3− concentration increased in all participants after BRJ ingestion (before, 15 ± 6 µM; after, 574 ± 120 µM; p < 0.05).
PMID:36364727 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
increases
Acute ingestion of BRJ containing 18.2 ± 6.2 mmol of NO3- increased plasma NO3- and NO2- concentrations 23 ± 11 and 2.7 ± 2.1-fold over placebo, respectively
PMID:37244392 · one of two readings recorded this
plasma nitrate concentration
increases, Δ BRJ: 57 ± 34 uM; Δ PLB: −5 ± 21 uM, n = 22
Changes in plasma nitrate were significantly greater in individuals that received BRJ compared to PLB following 4 weeks (Δ BRJ: 57 ± 34 uM; Δ PLB: −5 ± 21 uM, p < 0.001).
PMID:42642885 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
8 papers
- Subject
- plasma nitrate concentration
- Findings
- 8
- Papers
- 8
Effect of Dietary Nitrate Intake on Fatigue Resistance Following Ischemia-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Males and Females.record2026PMID:413715451 finding
Effect of 12-wk dietary nitrate supplementation on carotid arterial stiffness in postmenopausal females.record2025PMID:400668131 finding
The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on resistance exercise performance: A dose-response investigation.record2025PMID:402746641 finding
The influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on skeletal muscle fatigue and recovery in older women.record2023PMID:372263361 finding
Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Venous Vascular Response to Static Exercise in Healthy Young Adults.record2022PMID:363647271 finding
Plasma Nitrate and Nitrite Kinetics after Single Intake of Beetroot Juice in Adult Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis and in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.record2022PMID:357452101 finding
On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.record2021PMID:346727671 finding
A Single Dose of Dietary Nitrate Increases Maximal Knee Extensor Angular Velocity and Power in Healthy Older Men and Women.record2020PMID:312317581 finding