Endpoint
Urinary bladder cancer incidence
Tumors or cancer of the urinary bladder.
CAT:outcome/urinary-bladder-cancer-incidencereported in risk ratio2 findings from 2 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks2 findings · 2 compounds · 2 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| nitrate | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| spironolactone | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
Every finding here is a null result.
Measured, no effect detected
2 findings
nitrate — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“No significant associations were found between dietary nitrate/nitrite and cancers of the breast, bladder, colorectal, esophagus, renal cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian, and pancreas.”
Quoted verbatim from Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults in prospective and case-control studies of dietary nitrate intake
Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.2016PMID:27486968Permalink
spironolactone — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“There was no statistically significant association between spironolactone use and risk of ovarian cancer (RR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.84-2.20; certainty of evidence very low), bladder cancer (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.07; certainty of evidence very low), kidney cancer (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85-1.07; certainty of evidence low), gastric cancer (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.80-1.24; certainty of evidence low), or esophageal cancer (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91-1.27; certainty of evidence low).”
Quoted verbatim from Association of Spironolactone Use With Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Men and women aged 18 years and older ever exposed to spironolactone, pooled from seven observational studies
Effect 0.89 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.07
Association of Spironolactone Use With Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.2022PMID:35138351Permalink
How it is measured
Incident urinary bladder cancer diagnoses ascertained by cancer registry linkage, pathology report, or medical record review.
Sources cited
2 papers
- Subject
- urinary bladder cancer incidence
- Findings
- 2
- Papers
- 2