Urinary bladder cancer incidence

Method

Incident urinary bladder cancer diagnoses ascertained by cancer registry linkage, pathology report, or medical record review, compared across exposure categories — conventionally highest against lowest intake — and pooled as a risk ratio, odds ratio, or hazard ratio.

The method is part of the endpoint identity. Studies measuring the same quantity by a different method are held as separate endpoints.

Notes

Confused with kidney cancer incidence. Both are urinary tract cancers appearing in the same nitrate and nitrite reviews, but nitrate intake associates with LOWER kidney risk while nitrite intake associates with HIGHER bladder risk, so a combined 'urinary tract cancer' endpoint would average two opposing associations of two different exposures into a meaningless number. Also confused with pancreatic cancer incidence for the same reason and in the same reviews — see that node. Distinct from bladder cancer mortality and from recurrence after resection, which counts events in an already-diagnosed cohort.

Findings

1 finding from 1 compound, strongest first.

• nitrate — no detected effect on

  BLikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.FindingNull result

  “No significant associations were found between dietary nitrate/nitrite and cancers of the breast, bladder, colorectal, esophagus, renal cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian, and pancreas.”

  Study

  meta-analysis

  Population

  adults in prospective and case-control studies of dietary nitrate intake

  Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.2016PMID:27486968