Endpoint
Colorectal cancer incidence
Tumors or cancer of the colon or the rectum or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ulcerative colitis; familial polyposis coli; exposure to asbestos; and irradiation of the cervix uteri.
CAT:outcome/colorectal-cancer-incidencereported in risk ratio4 findings from 4 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks4 findings · 4 compounds · 3 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| folic acid | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| nitrate | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| magnesium(2+) | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| pyridoxine | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
Reported to move it
1 finding
magnesium(2+) — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Dietary magnesium intake has a statistically significant nonlinear inverse association with the risk of colorectal cancer.”
Quoted verbatim from Nonlinear association between magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults in prospective cohort studies of dietary magnesium intake and colorectal cancer risk
Nonlinear association between magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer.2013PMID:23222473Permalink
Measured, no effect detected
3 findings
nitrate — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“No significant associations were found between dietary nitrate/nitrite and cancers of the breast, bladder, colorectal, esophagus, renal cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian, and pancreas.”
Quoted verbatim from Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults in prospective and case-control studies of dietary nitrate intake
Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.2016PMID:27486968Permalink
folic acid — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The results suggested that folic acid treatment was not associated with colorectal cancer risk in the total population (relative risk [RR] = 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82-1.22, P = 0.974).”
Quoted verbatim from Folic acid supplements and colorectal cancer risk: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Participants in eight randomized controlled trials of folic acid, total population
Effect 1 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.22
Folic acid supplements and colorectal cancer risk: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2015PMID:26131763Permalink
pyridoxine — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“Total folate and vitamin B(6) intakes were not significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer.”
Quoted verbatim from Folate, vitamin B6, multivitamin supplements, and colorectal cancer risk in women.. - Study
- cohort
- Population
- US women aged 45 years or older, free of cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline, enrolled in a randomized aspirin and vitamin E trial; total vitamin B6 intake from diet plus supplements, highest versus lowest quintile
Folate, vitamin B6, multivitamin supplements, and colorectal cancer risk in women.2006PMID:16339055Permalink
How it is measured
Incident colon or rectal cancer diagnoses over the follow-up the source states.
Measured, not recorded
- Subject
- colorectal cancer incidence
- Measurements
- 9 measurements
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
colorectal cancer incidence
decreases, OR = 0.93, 95% CI = [0.87-0.99]
Results showed that the intake of ASs reduced the incidence of CRC (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = [0.87-0.99]) and was not significantly associated with mortality (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = [0.83-1.05]).
PMID:37918372 · one of two readings recorded this
Colorectal cancer incidence
decreases, p = 0.0004
Similar patterns were observed for calcium intake from dairy sources (pooled HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.89; p trend = 0.0004; p for heterogeneity = 0.70)
PMID:42496761 · one of two readings recorded this
Colorectal cancer incidence
no effect, p = 0.47
from non-red meat and processed meat sources (pooled HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.15; p trend = 0.47; p for heterogeneity = 0.22)
PMID:42496761 · one of two readings recorded this
Colorectal cancer incidence
no effect, p = 0.96
The pooled multivariable HR associated with a 1 mg per day increase of heme iron intake was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.16; p = 0.78) for red and processed meat and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.32; p = 0.96) for non-red and non-processed meat
PMID:42496761 · one of two readings recorded this
Colorectal cancer incidence
no effect, p = 0.6
comparing the highest and lowest quintiles of intake (pooled HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.16; p trend = 0.60; p for heterogeneity = 0.19)
PMID:42496761 · one of two readings recorded this
Colorectal cancer incidence
no effect, p = 0.78
The pooled multivariable HR associated with a 1 mg per day increase of heme iron intake was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.16; p = 0.78) for red and processed meat and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.32; p = 0.96) for non-red and non-processed meat
PMID:42496761 · one of two readings recorded this
Colorectal cancer incidence
decreases, p = 0.0001
The pooled multivariable HR comparing the highest and lowest quintiles of total calcium intake was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.86; p trend < 0.0001; p for heterogeneity = 0.15)
PMID:42496761 · one of two readings recorded this
Colorectal cancer incidence
no effect, p = 0.47
the pooled multivariable HR comparing the highest and lowest quintiles of total heme iron intake was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.17; p trend = 0.47; p for heterogeneity = 0.22)
PMID:42496761 · one of two readings recorded this
Colorectal cancer incidence
no effect, p = 0.88
the pooled multivariable HR reflecting each 1 mg per day increase of total heme iron intake was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.10; p = 0.88)
PMID:42496761 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
4 papers
- Subject
- colorectal cancer incidence
- Findings
- 4
- Papers
- 4
Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.record2016PMID:274869681 finding
Folic acid supplements and colorectal cancer risk: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2015PMID:261317631 finding
Nonlinear association between magnesium intake and the risk of colorectal cancer.record2013PMID:232224731 finding
Folate, vitamin B6, multivitamin supplements, and colorectal cancer risk in women.record2006PMID:163390551 finding