Endpoint
Body mass index
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of body weight to body height. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (adipose tissue). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
CAT:outcome/body-mass-indexreported in kg/m232 findings from 19 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks32 findings · 19 compounds · 12 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| curcumin | down 7 · no effect 1 | 8 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| berberine | down | 4 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| melatonin | no effect 1 · down 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| tirzepatide | down | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| empagliflozin | down | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| magnesium(2+) | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| nitrate | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| resveratrol | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| selenium atom | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| Withania somnifera | down | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| Zn(2+) | up | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| chromium(3+) | no effect | 2 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
| astaxanthin | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| Ca(2+) | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| caffeine | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| L-arginine | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| lipoic acid | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| α-tocopherol | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
Reported to move it
20 findings
curcumin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×6“The results showed that curcumin reduced BMI compared with placebo [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.49, 95% CI (-0.81, -0.18), P = 0.002].”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 462
- Population
- adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Effect -0.49 mean difference, 95% CI -0.81 to -0.18
Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2022PMID:36159792Permalink
Withania somnifera — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“However, significantly greater reductions in body weight and BMI were observed at weeks 4, 12, and 24 (P < 0.0001) with ARE compared to PL.”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on stress and weight management in adults: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 91
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- 300 mg twice daily for 24 weeks
- Population
- Adults aged 19-65 years with BMI 25.0-39.9 kg/m2 (overweight or obese)
Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on stress and weight management in adults: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.2025PMID:41635453Permalink
tirzepatide — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1“Additionally, once‐weekly tirzepatide resulted in decreases in BMI and waist circumference, with MDs of −5.89 kg/m2 (95% CI: −8.97 to −2.81, p = 0.0002) (Figure S1A) and −12.31 cm (95% CI: −13.93 to −10.68, p < 0.0001) (Figure S1B), respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide on Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 5, 10 or 15 mg or maximum tolerated dose, once weekly
- Population
- Adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes, six placebo-controlled randomised trials
Effect -5.89 mean difference, 95% CI -8.97 to -2.81
Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide on Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2025PMID:40510020Permalink
berberine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×3“BBR exhibited greater decreases in body weight, BMI, waist, HFC, serum cholesterol and triglycerides compared with LSI alone (Additional file 1: Table S1), which demonstrates a clearly significant benefit of BBR on metabolism.”
Quoted verbatim from Lipid profiling of the therapeutic effects of berberine in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 4 months
- Dose
- berberine 0.5 g three times daily, 30 min before meals
- Population
- Adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired glucose regulation or type 2 diabetes; lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise) given to both arms, berberine added in one; 80-patient lipidomics subsample (41 berberine, 39 lifestyle alone)
Lipid profiling of the therapeutic effects of berberine in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.2016PMID:27629750Permalink
empagliflozin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“The random‐effects analysis of four RCTs comprising 315 patients with MASLD showed that Empagliflozin significantly reduced BMI (WMD −0.71 kg/m2; 95% CI: −1.00 to −0.43, p < 0.001) and showed negligible heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg/day
- Population
- Adults with MASLD (previously NAFLD or NASH), with or without type 2 diabetes; four RCTs
Effect -0.71 mean difference, 95% CI -1 to -0.43
Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2026PMID:42504019Permalink
berberine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×3“BBR supplementation significantly decreased BMI compared to placebo (WMD = −0.25 kg/m2; 95%CI, −0.46 to −0.04; P = 0.020).”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults in randomised controlled trials of berberine (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease, PCOS and other populations)
Effect -0.25 mean difference, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.04
The effects of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.2022PMID:36313096Permalink
Show the remaining 14
curcumin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×6“Curcumin resulted a significant reduction in BMI (SMD −0.37; 95% CI, −0.61, −0.13; P < 0.01), weight (SMD −0.23; 95% CI, −0.39, −0.06; P < 0.01), and WC levels (SMD −0.25; 95% CI, −0.44, −0.05; P = 0.01).”
Quoted verbatim from The Effects of Curcumin on Weight Loss Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders, compared to placebo (pooled random-effects meta-analysis)
Effect -0.37 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.61 to -0.13
The Effects of Curcumin on Weight Loss Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2019PMID:31249528Permalink
curcumin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×6“Thirteen studies assessed reduction of BMI indicating curcumin supplementation was effective in lowering BMI with MD (95% CI) of −0.34 (−0.62, −0.05) kg/m2; I2 = 62.7%, see Supplementary Appendix Q.”
Quoted verbatim from An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 80–3000 mg/day pooled across bioavailability-enhanced forms (80–1000 mg/day), curcumin extracts (1500 mg/day) and turmeric powder (2000–3000 mg/day)
- Population
- Adults with MAFLD (NAFLD/NASH); 13 RCTs; BMI was an additional (secondary) outcome of this review
Effect -0.34 mean difference, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.05
An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand.2023PMID:37037891Permalink
curcumin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×6“Anthropometric measurements, including BMI and WC, were significantly lower in the curcumin group compared to the placebo group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months ( Table 4; B).”
Quoted verbatim from Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 12 months
- Dose
- Oral ethanolic Curcuma longa rhizome extract standardised to 75-85% total curcuminoids, 250 mg curcuminoids per capsule, three capsules twice daily (1500 mg curcuminoids/day) for 12 months
- Population
- Obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus managed on metformin (age >=35 y, BMI >=23 kg/m2, HbA1c <6.5%), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand; 227 randomised, per-protocol analysis and the analysed count is not reported in the paper; this outcome is named in neither the declared primary nor the declared secondary endpoint list (declared primary outcome: liver steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter); BMI by bioelectrical impedance analyser (Omron HBF-362)
Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.2025PMID:41096556Industry fundedPermalink
tirzepatide — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1“Tirzepatide 15 mg/MTD produced greater reductions in BMI (MD −7.21 kg/m2; 95% CI −8.79 to −5.63; p < 0.00001; I 2 = 96%) and waist circumference (MD −14.27 cm; 95% CI −15.43 to −13.10; p < 0.00001; I 2 = 23%) versus placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Asian and Non-Asian Adults With Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 15 mg or maximum tolerated dose, once weekly
- Population
- Adults with obesity or overweight without diabetes, pooled across SURMOUNT placebo-controlled trials
Effect -7.21 mean difference, 95% CI -8.79 to -5.63
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Asian and Non-Asian Adults With Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2026PMID:42487213Permalink
Zn(2+) — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Four studies reported significantly higher BMI with zinc supplementation (MD = 0.85; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.14; p < 0.00001; I 2 = 0%).”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Glycemic Control, Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults and children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes or prediabetes in 18 pooled RCTs of zinc supplementation against placebo or standard care
Effect 0.85 mean difference, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.14
Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Glycemic Control, Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2026PMID:42594341Permalink
berberine — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×3“FPG, FPI, HOMA-IR, HbA1, TG, BMI, and WC were significantly lower in patients who received berberine compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment ([Formula: see text]< 0.05).”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of Berberine on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Mild Metabolic Disorders Induced by Olanzapine.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 3 months
- Population
- patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective psychosis with olanzapine-induced mild metabolic disorders, continuing olanzapine treatment (background, both arms)
Effects of Berberine on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Mild Metabolic Disorders Induced by Olanzapine.2021PMID:34961418Permalink
caffeine — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“For every doubling in caffeine intake, the mean reduction in weight, BMI, and fat mass increased 2 Beta-fold (20.29 = 1.22, 20.23 = 1.17, and 20.36 = 1.28), which corresponding to 22, 17, and 28 percent, respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of caffeine intake on weight loss: a systematic review and dos-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults in randomized controlled trials of caffeine intake; dose-response meta-analysis pooling 13 RCTs (606 participants total across the review).
The effects of caffeine intake on weight loss: a systematic review and dos-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2019PMID:30335479Permalink
melatonin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Lean mass increased (p = 0.025) while fat mass (p = 0.0013) and body mass index (p = 0.034) decreased in TMG compared with TPG.”
Quoted verbatim from Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 3 mg/night
- Population
- patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS); training + melatonin (TMG) vs training + placebo (TPG), both arms also received concurrent aerobic-resistance training
Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.2026PMID:42217742Permalink
Ca(2+) — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Moderate-certainty evidence shows that calcium supplementation compared to placebo or control probably results in a small reduction in body mass index (BMI) (MD -0.18 kg/m2,95% CI -0.22 to -0.13; P < 0.001, I2 = 0%; 9 studies, 731 participants) and waist circumference (MD -0.51 cm, 95% CI -0.72 to -0.29; P < 0.001, I2 = 0%; 6 studies, 273 participants).”
Quoted verbatim from Calcium supplementation for people with overweight or obesity.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Participants
- 731
- Dose
- 0.162 to 1.5 g calcium per day across trials
- Population
- People with overweight or obesity in 9 randomised trials of oral calcium supplementation versus placebo or control (abstract only)
Effect -0.18 mean difference, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.13
Calcium supplementation for people with overweight or obesity.2024PMID:38721870Permalink
curcumin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced BMI, BW, and WC with mean differences (MDs) of -0.24 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.32, -0.16 kg/m2), -0.59 kg (95% CI: -0.81, -0.36 kg), and -1.32 cm (95% CI: -1.95, -0.69 cm), respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults pooled across 50 randomised controlled trials of curcumin supplementation versus control, in an updated meta-analysis carried out alongside an umbrella review of 14 prior systematic reviews. 21 of the 50 trials were judged at high risk of bias; the estimate pools plain and bioavailability-enhanced curcumin formulations.
The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.2023PMID:36898635Permalink
curcumin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Curcumin supplementation significantly reduced BMI (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.34 kg/m2 , 95% CI [-0.64, -0.04], p < .05) and WC (WMD = -2.12 cm, 95% CI [-3.26, -0.98], p < .001).”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of curcumin supplementation on body mass index, body weight, and waist circumference in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), pooled across 8 RCTs (520 participants)
Effect -0.34 mean difference, 95% CI -0.64 to -0.04
The effects of curcumin supplementation on body mass index, body weight, and waist circumference in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2020PMID:31799714Permalink
curcumin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×6“Combined effect sizes suggested a significant effect of curcumin supplementation on reduced body weight (BW) (WMD: -0.94 kg, 95% CI: -1.40, -0.47) and body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.40 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.19), respectively.”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of curcumin on anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters of patients with metabolic related diseases: a systematic review and dose-effect meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults with metabolism-related diseases, dose-effect meta-analysis of 31 RCTs
The effects of curcumin on anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters of patients with metabolic related diseases: a systematic review and dose-effect meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2023PMID:35475714Permalink
berberine — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×3“Berberine use significantly reduces body weight, BMI, and WC but does not significantly reduce WHR.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of berberine on obesity indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults in randomized controlled trials of berberine for obesity indices
The effect of berberine on obesity indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2026PMID:41310257Permalink
lipoic acid — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“R-LA did not decrease triglyceride concentrations, but individuals on R-LA had a greater reduction in BMI at 24 wk than the placebo group (-0.8; P = 0.04).”
Quoted verbatim from A Randomized Controlled Trial of Long-Term (R)-α-Lipoic Acid Supplementation Promotes Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults without Altering Baseline Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- (R)-alpha-lipoic acid 600 mg/d
- Population
- Overweight or obese adults with plasma triglycerides of at least 100 mg/dL, advised not to change diet or physical activity
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Long-Term (R)-α-Lipoic Acid Supplementation Promotes Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults without Altering Baseline Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations.2020PMID:32692358Permalink
Measured, no effect detected
12 findings
melatonin — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The results of random-effect meta-analysis indicated that melatonin intake has no effect on weight (SMD: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.30, 0.25, I2 = 00.00%) and BMI (SMD: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.30, 0.25, I2 = 00.00%) in patients with PCOS (Fig..).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of melatonin supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress and hormonal profile in PCOS patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 3-10 mg/day oral
- Population
- women with polycystic ovary syndrome; 6 double-blind RCTs
Effect -0.03 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.3 to 0.25
Effect of melatonin supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress and hormonal profile in PCOS patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.2024PMID:38965577Permalink
nitrate — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“No significant effects of nitrate supplementation were observed on body weight, BMI, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP).”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of dietary nitrate on weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults with obesity
The effect of dietary nitrate on weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2026PMID:42130877Permalink
magnesium(2+) — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“However, the analysis indicated that Mg supplementation did not significantly affect patients' BMI when compared to the control group (WMD = 0.03, 95% CI: –0.13 to 0.20; P = 0.68).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); review pooled trials using oral and intravenous magnesium administration
Effect 0.03 mean difference, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.2
Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2025PMID:40641714Permalink
resveratrol — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The result indicated that there was just the trend of decrease but no significance after treatment with resveratrol compared with placebo in BW [SMD = − 0.08, 95% CI (−0.35, 0.18), p = 0.544], BMI [SMD = − 0.07, 95% CI (−0.33, 0.20), p = 0.633], WC [SMD = −0.73, 95% CI (−1.97, 0.51), p = 0.249] and WHR [SMD = −0.12, 95% CI (−0.40, 0.16), p = 0.405] (Supplementary Figures S14, 15).”
Quoted verbatim from Integrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 300-3,000 mg/day, 8-24 weeks, pooled across trials
- Population
- adults with NAFLD, resveratrol vs placebo, 5 pooled clinical RCTs
Effect -0.07 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.33 to 0.2
Integrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses.2023PMID:37767399Permalink
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“After 6 weeks of administration, no significant differences in BW, BMI, and body fat mass were observed between the Control and TWK10‐HK groups.”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise performance, fatigue, and muscle growth in healthy male adults.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 6 weeks
- Dose
- 3 × 10^10 heat-killed cells/day (two 1.5 × 10^10 capsules) after meals
- Population
- Healthy untrained males aged 20-40 years
Effects of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise performance, fatigue, and muscle growth in healthy male adults.2023PMID:37816697Industry fundedPermalink
selenium atom — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Although selenium can improve TAC in PCOS patients, it has no significant effect on BMI, Total Testosterone, et al.”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of selenium supplementation on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Women with polycystic ovary syndrome; randomized trials of selenium supplementation
Effects of selenium supplementation on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.2023PMID:36740666Permalink
Show the remaining 6
chromium(3+) — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“Six months of chromium supplementation (500 mcg or 1000 mcg) was not associated with any significant changes in glycohemoglobin, weight, waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or urine microalbumin compared with placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Chromium effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in persons at risk for diabetes mellitus.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- chromium picolinate 500 mcg or 1000 mcg daily
- Population
- Adults with impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose or metabolic syndrome, without diabetes; modified cross-over, 6 months of chromium picolinate versus placebo
Chromium effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in persons at risk for diabetes mellitus.2011PMID:20634174Industry fundedPermalink
astaxanthin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“Current study revealed that astaxanthin consumption was not associated with FBS, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C, TG, BMI, BW, DBP, and SBP.”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on obesity, blood pressure, CRP, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults; meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of astaxanthin supplementation (14 studies)
The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on obesity, blood pressure, CRP, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2020PMID:32755613Permalink
curcumin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“Anthropometric parameters including weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, arm circumference, and body fat remained statistically unchanged by the end of trial (p > 0.05).”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 4 weeks
- Dose
- 1 g/day for 30 days
- Population
- obese individuals
Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial.2013PMID:22610853Permalink
α-tocopherol — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“The pooled analysis of 12 RCTs showed that vitamin E in patients with MASLD significantly reduced TG (-12.74 mg/dL, 95% CI: [-22.78, -2.70], p = 0.013), whereas no significant change was observed in TC (-2.11 mg/dL, 95% CI: [-4.89, 0.67], p = 0.137) and LDL-C (-5.32 mg/dL, 95% CI: [-11.15, 0.51], p = 0.074), HDL-C levels (0.23 mg/dL, 95% CI: [-0.48, 0.94], p = 0.527), and BMI (0.36 kg/m2, 95% CI: [-0.86, 1.58], p = 0.563).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of Vitamin E on Lipid Profile in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD); pooled analysis of 12 randomised controlled trials
Efficacy of Vitamin E on Lipid Profile in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2026PMID:42092748Permalink
L-arginine — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“However, L-arginine intervention had not elicited a significant effect on BMI (WMD: -0.51 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.11 to .08, P = 0.09) and body weight (WMD: -0.57 kg; 95% CI: -1.77 to 0.61, P = 0.34).”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of L-arginine supplementation on obesity-related indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- humans
Effect -0.51 mean difference, 95% CI -1.11 to 0.08
The effect of L-arginine supplementation on obesity-related indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.2021PMID:30982445Permalink
chromium(3+) — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“No change was seen in BMI after 24 weeks in the intervention as compared to placebo (chromium = 0.1 +/- 0.2 kg/m(2) versus placebo = 0.0 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2); p = 0.81).”
Quoted verbatim from A pilot study of chromium picolinate for weight loss.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 6 months
- Dose
- 1000 mcg chromium picolinate daily
- Population
- Otherwise healthy overweight adults (mean BMI about 36 kg/m2); 24 weeks of chromium picolinate versus placebo, with passive nutritional education at week 12 in both arms; 24-week timepoint
A pilot study of chromium picolinate for weight loss.2010PMID:20192914Permalink
How it is measured
Body mass in kilograms divided by standing height in metres squared, from measured rather than self-reported values, at a stated timepoint.
Measured, not recorded
- Subject
- body mass index
- Measurements
- 72 measurements
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.26
Body mass index | 25.4 (25.1 to 25.8) | 25.1 (24.8 to 25.3) | 24.5 (24.1 to 24.9) | 24.3 (24.0 to 24.6) | 0.26
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.882
BMI (kg/m2) | 36.8 ± 6.3 | 36.1 ± 4.9 | 36.6 ± 6.1 | 35.8 ± 5.0 | 0.518 | 0.220 | 0.882
PMID:23708056 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect
No changes in BMI were noted between the treatment groups
PMID:26269566 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect
Body mass index (BMI) | kg/m2 | 29.3 ± 0.8 | 29.2 ± 0.9 | NS | 28.2 ± 3.7 | 28.5 ± 0.9 | NS | 28.6 ± 4.5 | 29.2 ± 0.9 | NS | NS
PMID:26321469 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.79
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.6 ± 4.5 | 31.9 ± 4.7 | 0.035 | 31.4 ± 3.1 | 31.8 ± 3.2 | 0.014 | 0.79
PMID:26406981 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.049
body mass index (BMI) (29.9 + 3.6 vs. 24.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2, P = .049)
PMID:28598231 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.509, n = 53
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.18 ± 1.20 | 26.11 ± 1.22 | 0.665 | 0.509 | 0.040 | 0.968 | −0.362 | 0.718
PMID:29483384 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
increases, p = 0.05, n = 30
it remained significantly higher compared to controls (26.4 ± 1.7 vs. 21.6 ± 1.6 [kg/m2], p < 0.05)
PMID:30904021 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
increases, p = 0.05, n = 30
Women with PCOS had higher Body Mass Index (BMI) compared with Controls (mean ± standard deviation, 28.4 ± 1.7 vs. 21.6 ± 1.6 [kg/m2], p < 0.05)
PMID:30904021 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.05, n = 15
BMI decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after 3 months of treatment
PMID:30904021 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.09
However, L-arginine intervention had not elicited a significant effect on BMI (WMD: -0.51 kg/m2; 95% CI: -1.11 to .08, P = 0.09)
PMID:30982445 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
decreases
using < 8 g/day L-arginine with longer duration (≥8 weeks) could significantly decrease BMI
PMID:30982445 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
n = 18
Body Mass Index | 30.9 ± 2.7 | 28.7 ± 5.8 | p = 0.354 | 27.4 ± 4.2 | 31.7 ± 4.6 | p = 0.065
PMID:31324842 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect
body mass index (-0.10 kg/m2; 95% CI: -5.13, 0.31 kg/m2; I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.84)
PMID:31623137 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.247
Berberine and barberry resulted in no significant change in BMI (Weighted mean differences (WMD): -0.16 kg/m2; 95 % CI: -0.43 to 0.11, P = 0.247)
PMID:32147051 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
decreases, p = 0.006
The combined outcomes suggested a significant influence of berberine administration on body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.29 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.51 to -0.08, p = 0.006)
PMID:32379652 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect
BMI (WMD: - 0.07, 95% CI: - 0.18 to 0.04)
PMID:32385715 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
increases, p = 0.001
body mass index (BMI) (CON Δ: 0.69 ± 0.15 kg/m2, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 0.75 ± 0.23, p = 0.011)
PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
increases, p = 0.011
body mass index (BMI) (CON Δ: 0.69 ± 0.15 kg/m2, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 0.75 ± 0.23, p = 0.011)
PMID:32593524 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.048, n = 22
Magnesium supplementation resulted in a great reduction in BMI [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): -0.21 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.41, -0.001, P = 0.048, I2 = 89.5%, n = 22]
PMID:32654500 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases
which was mainly driven by the effect among those with magnesium deficiency, insulin resistance related disorders, and obesity at baseline
PMID:32654500 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
decreases, p = 0.001
body mass index (BMI) (WMD = -0.47 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.70, -0.23, P < 0.001)
PMID:32690176 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
decreases, -1.52 kg/m2 (95% CI -3.58, 0.54), n = 399
All four studies showed reductions in BMI, one study showed a loss as high as −1.5 kg/m2 placebo-subtracted BMI.
PMID:32784736 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.057
3 | BMI (mean ± SD) | 4 | 28.61 ± 1.92 | 27.66 ± 2.20 | 0.057
PMID:33527339 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
increases, p = 0.006
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 28.0 (24.2–30.9) | 26.1 (23.7–28.9) |.006
PMID:35585781 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect
MD, −0.22 kg/m2; 95% CI: −2.23 to 1.79
PMID:36008064 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, n = 44
End of trial | 27.83 ± 4.29 | − 0.23 ± 0.60 | 26.70 ± 3.37 | 0.03 ± 0.93
PMID:37078370 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.01
body mass index (BMI) (31.1 ± 3.6 vs. 30.3 ± 3.7 kg/m2, P < .01)
PMID:37405785 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.905, n = 107
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.9 ± 2.2 | 21.8 ± 2.2 | 0.905
PMID:37533289 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, n = 30
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.94 ± 2.27 | 23.13 ± 2.44 | 23.50 ± 2.58 | 23.55 ± 2.77
PMID:37816697 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 46
body mass index (BMI), body weight, and neck, waist, and hip circumferences (p < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.012, and =0.030, respectively)
PMID:37929031 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.0029, n = 34
At the conclusion of the study, BMI (p = 0.0029), HOMA-IR (p < 0.001) significantly decreased, along with decreased numbers of patients with elevated insulin levels
PMID:38295772 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.00001
[MD = -3.99, 95% CI (-3.69, -2.45), p < 0.00001]
PMID:38356942 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.00001
[MD = -1.71, 95% CI (-2.46, -0.95), p < 0.00001]
PMID:38356942 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.001, n = 731
(MD -0.18 kg/m2,95% CI -0.22 to -0.13; P < 0.001, I2 = 0%; 9 studies, 731 participants)
PMID:38721870 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
decreases, p = 0.006
except for a significant reduction in body weight, BMI (p = 0.006), and blood pressure levels (systolic p = 0.002 and diastolic p = 0.000)
PMID:38790615 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.96
our meta-analysis, which included three studies, did not show significant results (p = 0.96)
PMID:38816672 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.37
Body mass index, kg/m² | 17.9 ± 4.8 | 15.8 ± 2.1 | 0.37
PMID:38844708 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect
UA supplementation didn't significantly change body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass
PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.003
body mass index (BMI; -0.23, p = 0.003)
PMID:38999741 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases
BMI (SMD - 2.13, 95% CI - 3.08 to - 1.18)
PMID:39037553 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
Body mass index, (kg/m2), Mean ± S.D | 27.8 ± 3.2 | 25.9 ± 2.6 | NS
PMID:39079962 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.005
Weight and BMI were decreased in both groups (p < 0.001) but was most pronounced following SSRD (p = 0.006 and p = 0.005, respectively)
PMID:39275354 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
increases, p = 0.045, n = 85
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.7 (2.6) | 25.9 (2.1) |.045
PMID:39403054 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
increases
with the mean body mass index Centre (BMI) having a value of (P 0.000)
PMID:39635870 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.151
BMI (week 8) | 23.4 ± 4.4 | 22.2 ± 3.9 | 0.151
PMID:40169760 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.146
BMI | 23.3 ± 4.4 | 22.1 ± 3.9 | 0.146
PMID:40169760 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases
In a randomized placebo-controlled trial, curcumin supplementation (70 mg/day for 8 weeks) significantly decreased hepatic fat content, body mass index (BMI), serum TC, LDL, TG, AST, ALT, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels
PMID:40322034 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.543, n = 143
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 23.9 | (4.3) | 23.5 | (4.3) | 0.543§
PMID:40357746 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.06
BMI decreased slightly from a mean (SD) of 34.0 (2.3) to 33.9 (2.3) kg/m2, and this change was not significant (mean difference = 0.1 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.004 to 0.153 kg/m2, p = 0.060, Cohen's d: 0.34)
PMID:40525593 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.01
both weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly reduced (P < 0.01)
PMID:40770379 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.239
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21 (19–26) | 23 (21–27) | 24 (20–26) | 0.239
PMID:40990326 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.001
a statistically significant decrease of 1.24 kg/m2 (95% CI: − 1.79 to − 0.70; p < 0.001)
PMID:41003943 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.45
BMI (MD -2.24; 95%CI -8.01 to 3.53; p = 0.45; I2 = 78%)
PMID:41022489 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, WMD 0.01 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.29 to 0.31, p = 0.947, 17 effect sizes, p = 0.947
The meta-analysis of 17 effect sizes assessing the impact of CIT supplementation on BMI indicated no significant overall change (WMD: 0.01 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.29, 0.31; p = 0.947) B and Table 3).
PMID:41097202 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.553, n = 55
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 33.30 ± 6.13 | 31.50 ± 5.50 | − 1.15 ± 1.66 | 0.001 | 30.60 ± 4.96 | 29.52 ± 4.57 | − 0.80 ± 1.26 | 0.004 | 0.07 | 0.553 | 0.554
PMID:41168313 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
decreases, p = 0.0216
BMI (MD of -0.48 kg/m², 95% CI: -0.89 to -0.07, p < 0.0216)
PMID:41310257 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, -3.31 kg/m2 (ARE) vs -0.93 kg/m2 (PL) at week 24, n = 91
At week 24, the mean BMI decreased by 3.31 kg/m2 in the ARE group compared to a reduction of only 0.93 kg/m2 with PL.
PMID:41635453 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
increases
Body mass index (weight, kg/height, m2) | 21.6 ± 0.6 | 28.4 ± 2.2 *
PMID:41808442 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
no effect, p = 0.66
Body mass index (BMI kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 2.9 | 9 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 7 | 0.45 | 25.4 ± 2.6 | 9 | 26.2 ± 4.1 | 7 | 0.66 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.59 | −0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.02
PMID:42438056 · one of two readings recorded this
Body mass index
decreases, p = 0.02
Body mass index (BMI kg/m2) | 25.3 ± 2.9 | 9 | 26.7 ± 4.0 | 7 | 0.45 | 25.4 ± 2.6 | 9 | 26.2 ± 4.1 | 7 | 0.66 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.59 | −0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.02
PMID:42438056 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.795
MD = 0.02 kg/m2, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.18, p = 0.795, I2 = 0%
PMID:42514320 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
unclear, p = 0.047
Bonferroni comparisons identified significant between-group differences for CON versus EX + SUP (p = 0.047), SUP versus EX (p = 0.020), and SUP versus EX + SUP (p = 0.001)
PMID:42514394 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
modulates, p = 0.015
interaction (F(3,40) = 3.916, p = 0.015, ηp2 = 0.227)
PMID:42514394 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
unclear, p = 0.02
Bonferroni comparisons identified significant between-group differences for CON versus EX + SUP (p = 0.047), SUP versus EX (p = 0.020), and SUP versus EX + SUP (p = 0.001)
PMID:42514394 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
unclear, p = 0.001
Bonferroni comparisons identified significant between-group differences for CON versus EX + SUP (p = 0.047), SUP versus EX (p = 0.020), and SUP versus EX + SUP (p = 0.001)
PMID:42514394 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.7
BMI remained unchanged in CON (p = 0.700, d = 0.12) and SUP (p = 0.482, d = 0.22)
PMID:42514394 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.002
EX + SUP generated the greatest BMI reduction (Δ = −1.80 kg/m2, t(10) = −4.14, p = 0.002, d = 1.25; 95% CI [−2.77, −0.83] kg/m2)
PMID:42514394 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
decreases, p = 0.049
EX produced a borderline-significant, moderate reduction (Δ = −1.00 kg/m2, t(10) = −2.24, p = 0.049, d = 0.68; 95% CI [−1.99, −0.01] kg/m2)
PMID:42514394 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.482
BMI remained unchanged in CON (p = 0.700, d = 0.12) and SUP (p = 0.482, d = 0.22)
PMID:42514394 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
increases, p = 0.00001
Four studies reported significantly higher BMI with zinc supplementation (MD = 0.85; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.14; p < 0.00001
PMID:42594341 · one of two readings recorded this
body mass index
no effect, p = 0.659
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.5 (24.0–28.9) | 26.8 (24.4–29.1) | 26.8 (24.4–29.2) | 26.4 (23.4–29.5) | 26.7 (23.6–29.7) | 26.5 (23.5–29.6) | 0.110 | 0.945 | 0.659
PMID:42730713 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
32 papers
- Subject
- body mass index
- Findings
- 32
- Papers
- 32
Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.record2026PMID:422177421 finding
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Asian and Non-Asian Adults With Obesity Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2026PMID:424872131 finding
Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Glycemic Control, Insulin Resistance, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.record2026PMID:425943411 finding
Efficacy of Empagliflozin on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile and BMI in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2026PMID:425040191 finding
Efficacy of Vitamin E on Lipid Profile in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2026PMID:420927481 finding
The effect of berberine on obesity indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2026PMID:413102571 finding
The effect of dietary nitrate on weight management: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2026PMID:421308771 finding
Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.record2025PMID:410965561 finding
Effect of Magnesium Supplements on Improving Glucose Control, Blood Pressure and Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.record2025PMID:406417141 finding
Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract on stress and weight management in adults: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.record2025PMID:416354531 finding
Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide on Weight Loss in Patients Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.record2025PMID:405100201 finding
Calcium supplementation for people with overweight or obesity.record2024PMID:387218701 finding
Effect of melatonin supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress and hormonal profile in PCOS patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.record2024PMID:389655771 finding
An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand.record2023PMID:370378911 finding
Effects of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TWK10 on exercise performance, fatigue, and muscle growth in healthy male adults.record2023PMID:378166971 finding
Effects of selenium supplementation on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.record2023PMID:367406661 finding
Integrative evidence construction for resveratrol treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preclinical and clinical meta-analyses.record2023PMID:377673991 finding
The effect of curcumin supplementation on weight loss and anthropometric indices: an umbrella review and updated meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.record2023PMID:368986351 finding
The effects of curcumin on anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters of patients with metabolic related diseases: a systematic review and dose-effect meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2023PMID:354757141 finding
Efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.record2022PMID:361597921 finding
The effects of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.record2022PMID:363130961 finding
Effects of Berberine on Gut Microbiota in Patients with Mild Metabolic Disorders Induced by Olanzapine.record2021PMID:349614181 finding
The effect of L-arginine supplementation on obesity-related indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.record2021PMID:309824451 finding
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Long-Term (R)-α-Lipoic Acid Supplementation Promotes Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults without Altering Baseline Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations.record2020PMID:326923581 finding
The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on obesity, blood pressure, CRP, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2020PMID:327556131 finding
The effects of curcumin supplementation on body mass index, body weight, and waist circumference in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2020PMID:317997141 finding
The effects of caffeine intake on weight loss: a systematic review and dos-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.record2019PMID:303354791 finding
The Effects of Curcumin on Weight Loss Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.record2019PMID:312495281 finding
Lipid profiling of the therapeutic effects of berberine in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.record2016PMID:276297501 finding
Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial.record2013PMID:226108531 finding
Chromium effects on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in persons at risk for diabetes mellitus.record2011PMID:206341741 finding
A pilot study of chromium picolinate for weight loss.record2010PMID:201929141 finding