thioredoxin dithiol

Three steps

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO2A1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 morecytosol

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• (3E)-decenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C12:1->C10:1), Mitochondrial

  Catalysed by ACADM, ECHS1, ACAA2, HADHcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2 + AH2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin H2 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• (2R,6)-dimethylheptanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (3-oxo-4(R),8-dimethyl-nonanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by HADHA, ACAA2, HADHBcytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• 3-methylmalateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. glycine + 2-oxoglutarate = glyoxylate + L-glutamate
  3. propanoyl-CoA + glyoxylate + H2O = 3-methylmalate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by AADAT, CLYBLcytosol

• tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (N-acetyl-L-alanine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, PTGES, MGST3 and 4 morecytosol

• Se-methylselenocysteineReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:thiol S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SCLYcytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and thromboxane B2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 2 routes

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• 13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• 13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin phosphorylation
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by MOCOS, PTGS2cytosol

• (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, GPX1, GSTA1 and 2 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. sulfotransferase (thioredoxin)
  2. thiosulfate + 2 glutathione = glutathione disulfide + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite + 2 H(+)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SULT1A3, TSTD1, ABCC4cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 3 routes

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate:oxydized-thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase
  2. Antiport of thiamine-diphosphate and dATP
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by TXN, RRM1, RRM2, RRM2B and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes