a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative

Three steps

• a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  3. a ganglioside GM2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, SLC35A2, B3GALT4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
  3. a ganglioside GD3 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, GALE, B4GALNT1

• a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-[Gal-beta-(1->3)-GlcNAc]-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. a neolactoside nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-GlcNAc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)
  3. a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-GlcNAc-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-[Gal-beta-(1->3)-GlcNAc]-nLc4Cer(d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, B3GNT5, B3GALT2One of 2 routes

• a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramideReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  3. a beta-D-glucosylceramide + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, SLC35A2, B4GALT3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a ganglioside GM2Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
  3. a ganglioside GM3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GM2 + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, GALE, B4GALNT1

• a ganglioside GD2Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
  3. a ganglioside GD3 + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GD2 + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, GALE, B4GALNT1

• a ganglioside GM1Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  3. a ganglioside GM2 + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GM1 + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, SLC35A2, B3GALT4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a ganglioside GalNAc-GD1aReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
  3. a ganglioside GD1a + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GalNAc-GD1a + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, GALE, B4GALNT1

• N-(2-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosyl-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  3. N-(2-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-sphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = N-(2-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosyl-sphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, SLC35A2, UGT8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-(2-hydroxyhexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosylsphinganineReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  3. N-(2-hydroxy-hexanoyl)-sphinganine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = N-(2-hydroxyhexanoyl)-beta-D-galactosylsphinganine + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, SLC35A2, UGT8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a ganglioside GD1b (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  3. a ganglioside GD2 (d18:1(4E)) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a ganglioside GD1b (d18:1(4E)) + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, SLC35A2, B3GALT4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a globoside Gb3CerReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a globoside Gb3Cer + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, SLC35A2, A4GALTinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• a ganglioside GA2Reach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-ceramide + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine = a ganglioside GA2 + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, GALE, B4GALNT1

• a neolactoside nLc6CerReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = a beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->3)-[beta-D-GlcNAc-(1->6)]-beta-D-Gal-(1->4)-N-acetyl-beta-D-GlcNAc derivative + UDP + H(+)
  2. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(out) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(in) = UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine(in) + UDP-alpha-D-galactose(out)
  3. a neolactoside IV(3)-beta-GlcNAc-nLc4Cer + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a neolactoside nLc6Cer + UDP + H(+)

  Catalysed by GCNT3, GCNT2, SLC35A2, B4GALT3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane