Endpoint

Systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)

CAT:outcome/systolic-blood-pressure-unspecified-settingreported in mmHg38 findings from 23 compounds

What moved it

38 findings · 23 compounds · 13 null · by evidence strength

Compound	Direction	Findings	Strongest evidence
magnesium(2+)	down 3 · no effect 1	4	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
curcumin	no effect	3	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
Vitis vinifera	down 2 · no effect 1	3	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
astaxanthin	down 1 · no effect 1	2	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
taurine	down	2	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
(R)-carnitine	down	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine	up	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
berberine	down	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
quercetin	down	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
tirzepatide	down	1	Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.
melatonin	no effect	2	Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.
sodium hydrogencarbonate	no effect 1 · up 1	2	Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.
coenzyme Q10	down	2	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
L-arginine	no effect 1 · down 1	2	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
nitrate	down 1 · no effect 1	2	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
resveratrol	down	2	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
Ca(2+)	down	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
caffeine	up	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
L-ascorbic acid	down	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
L-citrulline	up	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
L-cystine	up	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
rebaudioside A	no effect	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.
steviol glycoside	no effect	1	Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.

Reported to move it

25 findings

(R)-carnitine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“L-carnitine supplementation was related to a mean decrease in SBP of –7.41 mmHg (95% CI: −14.59 to −0.23, p = 0.04).”
Quoted verbatim from L-Carnitine's Effect on the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

0.75 to 3 g/day across included RCTs, 8 to 24 weeks
Population

Adults in nine RCTs (diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, knee osteoarthritis, hemodialysis); two RCTs contributed SBP data; controls received no L-carnitine
L-Carnitine's Effect on the Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2020PMID:32932644Permalink
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“The MDMA group higher SBP and DBP compared to the placebo group.”
Quoted verbatim from A randomized controlled trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and fear extinction retention in healthy adults..
Study

RCT
Dose

100 mg single oral dose
Population

Healthy adults aged 21-55 with prior recreational MDMA use, single 100 mg oral dose versus matching placebo in a parallel-group trial; blood pressure monitored at eight timepoints over the 6 hours after dosing
A randomized controlled trial of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and fear extinction retention in healthy adults.2022PMID:35166140Industry fundedPermalink
magnesium(2+) — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×2
“Magnesium intake resulted in a reduction in systolic BP of -2.81 mm Hg (95% CI, -4.32 to -1.29) and diastolic BP by -2.05 mm Hg (95% CI, -3.23 to -0.88) compared with placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Magnesium Supplementation and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

median 365 mg/d elemental magnesium (range 82.3-637 mg), median intervention period 12 weeks
Population

hypertensive and normotensive adults in randomized controlled trials of at least 4 weeks
Magnesium Supplementation and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2025PMID:41000008Permalink
astaxanthin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“Subgroup analysis exhibited that the SBP was reduced significantly when AST was administered for more than 8 weeks (MD = −4.69; 95% CI = −9.23, −0.16; I2 = 0%; p = 0.04) (Supplementary File S6 Figure S4a).”
Quoted verbatim from Astaxanthin Influence on Health Outcomes of Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

adults with metabolic syndrome risk factors; subgroup: AST administered for more than 8 weeks (pooled meta-analysis subgroup)
Effect -4.69 mean difference, 95% CI -9.23 to -0.16
Astaxanthin Influence on Health Outcomes of Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2022PMID:35631193Permalink
taurine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1
“Taurine demonstrated a significant reduction in HR (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -3.579 bpm, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -6.044 to -1.114, p = 0.004), SBP (WMD = -3.999 mm Hg, 95% CI = -7.293 to -0.706, p = 0.017), DBP (WMD: -1.435 mm Hg, 95% CI: -2.484 to -0.386, p = 0.007), NYHA (WMD: -0.403, 95% CI: -0.522 to -0.283, p < 0.001), and a significant increase in LVEF (WMD: 4.981%, 95% CI: 1.556 to 8.407, p = 0.004).”
Quoted verbatim from Insights into the cardiovascular benefits of taurine: a systematic review and meta-analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Pooled 20 RCTs (808 participants) of taurine across healthy individuals, heart failure patients and other disease groups; all-population estimate
Effect -3.999 mean difference, 95% CI -7.293 to -0.706
Insights into the cardiovascular benefits of taurine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2024PMID:39148075Permalink
berberine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“BBR supplementation significantly decreased SBP compared to placebo (WMD = −5.46 mmHg; 95%CI, −8.17 to −2.76; P < 0.001).”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Adults in randomised controlled trials of berberine (type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease, PCOS, hypertension and other populations)
Effect -5.46 mean difference, 95% CI -8.17 to -2.76
The effects of berberine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.2022PMID:36313096Permalink

Show the remaining 19

Vitis vinifera — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1
“Overall analyses found significant reductions for SBP (WMD = -6.077; 95% CI: -10.736 to -1.419; P = 0.011) and DBP (WMD = -2.803; 95% CI: -4.417 to -1.189; P = 0.001) after grape seed extract treatment.”
Quoted verbatim from The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Participants in 16 pooled randomized clinical trials (12 articles) of grape seed extract treatment
Effect -6.077 mean difference, 95% CI -10.736 to -1.419
The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials.2016PMID:27537554Permalink
quercetin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“Meta‐analysis of data from 9 treatment arms showed significant reductions in SBP (WMD: −3.04 mm Hg, 95% CI: −5.75, −0.33, P=0.028) following supplementation with quercetin (Figure upper part).”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of Quercetin on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Adults in 7 placebo-controlled randomised trials (9 treatment arms, parallel and crossover), mostly without hypertension, quercetin 100 to 1000 mg/day for 4 to 10 weeks
Effect -3.04 mean difference, 95% CI -5.75 to -0.33
Effects of Quercetin on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2016PMID:27405810Permalink
tirzepatide — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding
“As shown in Figure S6 and Table S3, all tirzepatide doses significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide for weight management compared to placebo: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis including the latest SURMOUNT-2 trial..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

5, 10 and 15 mg once weekly
Population

Adults with or without type 2 diabetes in placebo-controlled trials, 12 to 72 weeks; all three doses
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide for weight management compared to placebo: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis including the latest SURMOUNT-2 trial.2024PMID:38850440Industry fundedPermalink
Vitis vinifera — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1
“Our results showed daily grape polyphenol intake could significantly reduce systolic blood pressure by 1.48 mmHg when compared to control subjects (12 comparisons; -1.48 [-2.79 to -0.16] mmHg; P = 0.03).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of Grape Polyphenols on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Participants in ten pooled randomized controlled trials (12 comparisons) of daily grape polyphenol intake against control
Effect of Grape Polyphenols on Blood Pressure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2015PMID:26375022Permalink
taurine — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1
“Compared to control groups, taurine supplementation demonstrated statistically significant reductions in SBP (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -3.999 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -7.293 to -0.706, p = 0.017), DBP (WMD = -1.509 mmHg, 95% CI = -2.479 to -0.539, p = 0.002), FBG (WMD: -5.882 mg/dL, 95% CI: -10.747 to -1.018, p = 0.018), TG (WMD: -18.315 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.628 to -11.002, p < 0.001), but not in HDL-C (WMD: 0.644 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.244 to 1.532, p = 0.155).”
Quoted verbatim from Taurine reduces the risk for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Pooled 25 RCTs (1024 participants) of taurine supplementation, 0.5 to 6 g/day, follow-up 5 to 365 days; MetS-related parameters
Effect -3.999 mean difference, 95% CI -7.293 to -0.706
Taurine reduces the risk for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2024PMID:38755142Permalink
sodium hydrogencarbonate — increases
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.Finding
“However, higher risk of elevated systolic BP was found with sodium bicarbonate treatment (SMD, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.20; P = 0.03).”
Quoted verbatim from Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease with Metabolic Acidosis: A Meta-Analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Patients with chronic kidney disease and metabolic acidosis in randomized controlled trials; control groups defined inconsistently across trials
Effect 0.1 standardised mean difference, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.2
Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease with Metabolic Acidosis: A Meta-Analysis.2024PMID:38980732Permalink
L-ascorbic acid — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“In short-term trials, vitamin C supplementation reduced SBP and DBP.”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

median 500 mg/d oral
Population

Adults in randomized trials of oral vitamin C supplementation versus concurrent controls (29 trials in the primary analysis, median dose 500 mg/d, median duration 8 wk)
Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2012PMID:22492364Permalink
L-cystine — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“Using the same confounding factors, multivariate‐adjusted linear regression analysis confirmed the positive association of L‐cystine levels with SBP and DBP (β = 2.66, p =.015 for SBP; β = 2.50, p =.002 for DBP) (Table 5).”
Quoted verbatim from Blood L-cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension..
Study

case-control
Population

Adults aged 18-75 years recruited at Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, 22 hypertensive and 63 normotensive; endogenous fasting plasma L-cystine by non-targeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, triglycerides and HDL-c
Blood L-cystine levels positively related to increased risk of hypertension.2024PMID:39403054Permalink
Ca(2+) — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“Combining all trials, participants receiving calcium supplementation as compared to control had a statistically significant reduction in SBP (mean difference: -2.5 mmHg, 95% CI: -4.5 to -0.6, I(2 )= 42%), but not DBP (mean difference: -0.8 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.1 to 0.4, I(2) = 48%).”
Quoted verbatim from Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Adults with primary hypertension (SBP 140 mmHg or above or DBP 85 mmHg or above); 13 randomised trials, 8 to 15 weeks follow-up
Effect -2.5 mean difference, 95% CI -4.5 to -0.6
Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults.2006PMID:16625609Permalink
nitrate — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“In conclusion, inorganic nitrate can mildly reduce systolic blood pressure in healthy people, but does not have a lowering effect on blood pressure in patients with hypertension.”
Quoted verbatim from Regulatory effect of dietary nitrate on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

healthy adults
Regulatory effect of dietary nitrate on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2023PMID:36740972Permalink
L-arginine — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“The pooled analysis demonstrated significant decreases in SBP (WMD = -6.40 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.74, -4.05; P < 0.001) and DBP (WMD = -2.64 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.94, -1.40; P < 0.001) after l-arginine supplementation.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of l-Arginine Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

adults; overall pooled estimate across all trials, not a dose or duration stratum
Effect of l-Arginine Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.2022PMID:34967840Permalink
magnesium(2+) — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×2
“The weighted overall effects indicated that the magnesium-supplementation group had a significantly greater reduction in both SBP (SMD: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.37, -0.03) and DBP (SMD: -0.27; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.03) than did the control group.”
Quoted verbatim from The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure in individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or noncommunicable chronic diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Participants

543
Dose

365-450 mg/d elemental magnesium
Population

Individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or noncommunicable chronic diseases; 11 RCTs, all of which reported BP at baseline and end of trial
The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure in individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or noncommunicable chronic diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2017PMID:28724644Permalink
magnesium(2+) — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×2
“Although not all individual trials showed significance in BP reduction, combining all trials did show a decrease in SBP of 3-4 mm Hg and DBP of 2-3 mm Hg, which further increased with crossover designed trials and intake >370 mg/day.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

120-973 mg elemental magnesium/day (mean 410 mg)
Population

Adults in randomized (including crossover) trials of magnesium supplementation for blood pressure
Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis.2012PMID:22318649Permalink
coenzyme Q10 — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1
“Results showed that CoQ10 supplementation significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD - 0.30; 95% CI - 0.52, - 0.08).”
Quoted verbatim from The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

patients with metabolic diseases, pooled from 17 randomized controlled trials (684 participants)
Effect -0.3 standardised mean difference, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.08
The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressures Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2018PMID:29330704Permalink
caffeine — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“The pooled of 11 effect sizes analysis of 8 studies demonstrated significant increases in SBP (WMD:1.94 mmHg; 95%CI:0.52, 3.35; p = 0.007) and DBP (WMD:1.66 mmHg; 95% CI:0.75, 2.57; p = 0.000) after caffeine supplementation.”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of caffeine supplementation on blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

adults ≥18 years, dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of caffeine supplementation
Effect 1.94 mean difference, 95% CI 0.52 to 3.35
The effects of caffeine supplementation on blood pressure in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.2023PMID:38057002Permalink
resveratrol — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1
“Compared to the control group, RES intake significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and improved ejection fraction (EF).”
Quoted verbatim from Resveratrol improves lipid profile and recovers heart function in postoperative CABG patients..
Study

RCT
Duration

2 months
Population

patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Resveratrol improves lipid profile and recovers heart function in postoperative CABG patients.2025PMID:40676400Permalink
resveratrol — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1
“Subgroup analyses indicated that higher-dose of resveratrol consumption (≥ 150 mg/d) significantly reduces SBP of -11.90 mmHg (95% CI: -20.99, -2.81 mmHg, P = 0.01), whereas lower dose of resveratrol did not show a significant lowering effect on SBP.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

≥150 mg/day
Population

Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of resveratrol supplementation; dose-stratified subgroup receiving ≥150 mg/day resveratrol, not the full 6-trial, 247-subject pooled sample
Effect -11.9 mean difference, 95% CI -20.99 to -2.81
Effect of resveratrol on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2015PMID:24731650Permalink
L-citrulline — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding
“Systolic blood pressure (BP) was higher at delivery in the citrulline group compared with the control group (P = 0.015), whereas the diastolic BP showed no difference.”
Quoted verbatim from Oral citrulline supplementation in pregnancies with preeclampsia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial..
Study

RCT
Population

pregnant women with monofetal preeclampsia; blood pressure measured at delivery
Oral citrulline supplementation in pregnancies with preeclampsia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.2025PMID:39638148Permalink
coenzyme Q10 — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1
“Treatment with coenzyme Q10 in subjects with systolic BP (SBP) > 140 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) > 90 mmHg resulted in mean decreases in SBP of 11 mmHg (95% CI 8, 14) and DBP of 7 mmHg (95% CI 5, 8).”
Quoted verbatim from Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

adults with primary hypertension (SBP >140 mmHg or DBP >90 mmHg); Cochrane meta-analysis of 3 RCTs, 96 participants, coenzyme Q10 versus placebo for at least 3 weeks
Blood pressure lowering efficacy of coenzyme Q10 for primary hypertension.2009PMID:19821418Permalink

Measured, no effect detected

13 findings

curcumin — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull resultreplicated ×2
“Five studies assessed changes in blood pressure indicating no significant effect of curcumin supplementation on both SBP and DBP with pooled MD (95% CI) of −0.29 (−0.91, 0.34) and −0.02 (−0.55, 0.52) mmHg, respectively, see Supplementary Appendix V–W.”
Quoted verbatim from An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

80–3000 mg/day pooled across bioavailability-enhanced forms (80–1000 mg/day), curcumin extracts (1500 mg/day) and turmeric powder (2000–3000 mg/day)
Population

Adults with MAFLD (NAFLD/NASH); 5 RCTs; blood pressure was an additional (secondary) outcome and the acquisition protocol is not recoverable from the pooled estimate
Effect -0.29 mean difference, 95% CI -0.91 to 0.34
An updated meta-analysis of effects of curcumin on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease based on available evidence from Iran and Thailand.2023PMID:37037891Permalink
sodium hydrogencarbonate — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull result
“Meta-analysis suggested that sodium bicarbonate did not influence systolic BP in individuals with CKD stage G1-5.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Systolic Blood Pressure in CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Non-dialysis-dependent adults with CKD stages G1-5 in randomized trials comparing sodium bicarbonate with placebo or usual care
Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Systolic Blood Pressure in CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2023PMID:36758154Permalink
melatonin — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1
“Mean Daytime Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (SECONDARY, mmHg) -- NCT01114373: Melatonin 134.2 +/-2.4 (n=36) vs Placebo 137.3 +/-2.4 (n=36); difference -3.1; p=0.16, no significant difference”
Quoted verbatim from Melatonin and Nighttime Blood Pressure in African Americans--24 mg Study.
Study

crossover
Participants

72
Population

Hypertension; 18 Years+
Effect -3.1 mean difference
Melatonin and Nighttime Blood Pressure in African Americans--24 mg Study2015NCT01114373Permalink
melatonin — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1
“Mean Daytime Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (SECONDARY, mmHg) -- NCT01114360: Melatonin 135.13 +/-2.2 (n=36) vs Placebo 133.9 +/-2.2 (n=36); difference 1.23; p=0.64, no significant difference”
Quoted verbatim from Melatonin and Nighttime Blood Pressure in African Americans-8 mg Study.
Study

crossover
Participants

72
Population

Hypertension; 18 Years+
Effect 1.23 mean difference
Melatonin and Nighttime Blood Pressure in African Americans-8 mg Study2015NCT01114360Permalink
astaxanthin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result
“Current study revealed that astaxanthin consumption was not associated with FBS, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C, TG, BMI, BW, DBP, and SBP.”
Quoted verbatim from The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on obesity, blood pressure, CRP, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

adults; meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of astaxanthin supplementation (14 studies)
The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on obesity, blood pressure, CRP, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2020PMID:32755613Permalink
rebaudioside A — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result
“Compared with placebo, rebaudioside A did not significantly alter resting, seated SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) or 24-h ambulatory blood pressures responses.”
Quoted verbatim from The hemodynamic effects of rebaudioside A in healthy adults with normal and low-normal blood pressure..
Study

RCT
Duration

4 weeks
Dose

1000 mg/day rebaudioside A for 4 weeks
Population

healthy adults with normal and low-normal blood pressure
The hemodynamic effects of rebaudioside A in healthy adults with normal and low-normal blood pressure.2008PMID:18555574Permalink

Show the remaining 7

steviol glycoside — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result
“Meta-analysis revealed a non-significant difference in systolic blood pressure between steviol glycoside and placebo, mean difference (MD): -2.98 mm Hg (-6.23 to 0.27).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of the natural sweetener, steviol glycoside, on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

Participants in nine randomised trials of stevioside or rebaudioside A (756 participants overall), most at high cardiovascular risk
Effect -2.98 mean difference, 95% CI -6.23 to 0.27
Effect of the natural sweetener, steviol glycoside, on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.2015PMID:25412840Permalink
Vitis vinifera — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result
“There were no differences on the HR, SV, CO, SBP, and HRV between placebo and GSE treatments.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of 7-day dietary supplementation with grape seed extract on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses in elevated and stage 1 hypertension..
Study

crossover
Population

Males with elevated and stage 1 hypertension in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial of short-term dietary grape seed extract supplementation with a 1-week wash-out
Effect of 7-day dietary supplementation with grape seed extract on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses in elevated and stage 1 hypertension.2025PMID:40341867Permalink
L-arginine — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result
“This study demonstrates L-arginine supplementation is superior to placebo in lowering diastolic pressure and prolonging pregnancy in patients with gestational hypertension with or without proteinuria, but the effect on lowering systolic pressure and increasing neonatal weight was not statistically significant.”
Quoted verbatim from Arginine supplementation for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy: a systematic review..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

patients with gestational hypertension with or without proteinuria
Arginine supplementation for improving maternal and neonatal outcomes in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy: a systematic review.2014PMID:23435582Permalink
magnesium(2+) — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result
“Neither systolic nor diastolic BP was significantly changed.”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Dose

15 mmol/day (360 mg/day) oral magnesium, median
Population

Adults with type 2 diabetes in randomized double-blind controlled trials of oral magnesium supplementation
Effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled trials.2006PMID:16978367Permalink
curcumin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×2
“Curcumin was not associated with a significant change in waist circumference measurement (p = 0.6) and systolic blood pressure level (p = 0.269).”
Quoted verbatim from Metabolic benefits of curcumin supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

adults with metabolic syndrome
Metabolic benefits of curcumin supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.2019PMID:30941814Permalink
nitrate — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result
“There is no significant effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on cardiovascular events as systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, or exercise performance as 6-min walk test, and cycling ergometry endurance time, or maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2).”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.2021PMID:33745600Permalink
curcumin — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull resultreplicated ×2
“There was no significant change in HbA1C, plasma insulin, QUICKI, HDL, SBP, DBP, CRP, TNF-α and WC after curcumin therapy.”
Quoted verbatim from Curcumin effects on glycaemic indices, lipid profile, blood pressure, inflammatory markers and anthropometric measurements of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials..
Study

meta-analysis
Population

adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Curcumin effects on glycaemic indices, lipid profile, blood pressure, inflammatory markers and anthropometric measurements of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.2024PMID:38232906Permalink

How it is measured

Brachial systolic blood pressure by cuff sphygmomanometry or a validated automated device, where the source does not record the acquisition protocol or whether devices were standardised. The defining property of this endpoint is that the acquisition conditions cannot be recovered from the reported value.

Measured, not recorded

Subject: systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)
Measurements: 1 measurement
Recorded as a finding: No

Show what was measured

systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)
MD = −2.27 mmHg; 95% CI = −4.79 to 0.25; Pfixed-effects model = 0.08, p = 0.08
Not recorded as a finding: The sentence negates only one tail ('not associated with a significant reduction'), and no sentence in the paper states a two-sided absence of difference for SBP, so no direction is recordable per the one-sided-negation rule.
However, rosuvastatin therapy was not associated with a significant reduction in SBP (MD = −2.27 mmHg; 95% CI = −4.79 to 0.25; Pfixed-effects model = 0.08; I 2 = 0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.82).
PMID:34818350 · one of two readings recorded this

Sources cited

38 papers

Subject: systolic blood pressure (setting unspecified)
Findings: 38
Papers: 38