3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

• additional psychotherapy sessions following MDMA-assisted sessions

  n = 13

  20 such sessions were provided to seven of 13 subjects following MDMA-assisted sessions

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline CAPS score

  no effect, p = 0.97, n = 20

  Mean Baseline CAPS score (std) | 79.4 (22.4) | 79.2 (23.6) | 79.6 (22.0) | 0.97

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• benzodiazepines administered following sessions

  no effect, p = 0.57

  24 of 51 MDMA-assisted sessions (47.0%) and after six of 16 psychotherapy-only sessions (37.5%) (p = 0.57

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS change, open-label crossover arm, Time 1c to Time 4c

  decreases

  MDMA | Mean | 65.6 | 33.9 | −31.7 ***

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS covariate effect of months of previous therapy

  no effect, p = 0.56

  The covariate proved non-significant (CAPS: F = 0.35, p = 0.56)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS, first MDMA dropout

  decreases, n = 1

  fell from 110 and 107, respectively, at baseline, to 17 and 27, respectively, 4 days after their only MDMA-assisted psychotherapy session

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS group by time, supplemental dose versus no supplemental dose

  no effect, p = 0.637, n = 12

  (ANOVA with repeated measures F(1, 9) = 0.413, p = 0.637)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS group difference at Time 1

  no effect, p = 0.966

  Time 1 p = 0.966, α = 0.050

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS group difference at Time 2

  decreases, p = 0.013

  Time 2* p = 0.013, α = 0.017

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS group difference at Time 3

  decreases, p = 0.002

  Time 3* p = 0.002, α = 0.012

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS group difference at Time 4

  decreases, p = 0.013

  Time 4* p = 0.013, α = 0.025

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS, second MDMA dropout

  decreases, n = 1

  fell from 110 and 107, respectively, at baseline, to 17 and 27, respectively, 4 days after their only MDMA-assisted psychotherapy session

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS time effect, both groups

  decreases, p = 0.0005

  PTSD symptoms, as measured by CAPS, improved over time in both groups (Time: F(3, 17) = 40.292, p < 0.0005)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS Time*Group interaction

  decreases, p = 0.015

  the MDMA group showed significantly greater improvement (Time*Group interaction F(1, 17) = 7.173, p = 0.015)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• clinical response (>30% reduction from baseline in CAPS), Stage 1

  increases, n = 20

  the clinical response was 83.3% (10/12) in the MDMA group versus 25% (2/8) in the placebo group

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• clinical response rate, Stage 2 open-label

  increases

  In Stage 2, the clinical response rate was 100% in the seven subjects

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) global severity score over four timepoints, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy versus inactive placebo (lactose) with the same psychotherapy in both arms, chronic treatment-resistant PTSD (primary outcome)

  decreases, MDMA group showed significantly greater improvement (CAPS symptom reduction) than placebo; Time*Group interaction F(1, 17) = 7.173, p = 0.015

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Figure 3 illustrates that PTSD symptoms, as measured by CAPS, improved over time in both groups (Time: F(3, 17) = 40.292, p < 0.0005), but the MDMA group showed significantly greater improvement (Time*Group interaction F(1, 17) = 7.173, p = 0.015).

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) total severity score, MDMA-assisted psychotherapy (125 mg plus optional 62.5 mg) versus inactive-placebo psychotherapy, over four timepoints; IES-R, SCL-90-R, neurocognitive batteries, blood pressure, pulse and temperature secondary

  decreases, greater CAPS improvement in the MDMA group; Time*Group interaction F(1, 17) = 7.173, p = 0.015

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Figure 3 illustrates that PTSD symptoms, as measured by CAPS, improved over time in both groups (Time: F(3, 17) = 40.292, p < 0.0005), but the MDMA group showed significantly greater improvement (Time*Group interaction F(1, 17) = 7.173, p = 0.015).

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• diastolic BP baseline

  Baseline | 74.6 (9.4) | 56/92 | 74.4 (8.1) | 58/89

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• diastolic BP baseline

  Baseline | 74.6 (9.4) | 56/92 | 74.4 (8.1) | 58/89

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• diastolic BP maximum change

  increases

  Max Change | 14.4 (6.5) | 1/14 | 13.8 (7.5) | 2/28

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• diastolic BP maximum change

  increases

  Max Change | 14.4 (6.5) | 1/14 | 13.8 (7.5) | 2/28

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• diastolic BP maximum

  increases

  Maximum | 89.0 (9.2) | 74/113 | 88.2 (10.5) | 65/106

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• diastolic BP maximum

  increases

  Maximum | 89.0 (9.2) | 74/113 | 88.2 (10.5) | 65/106

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R decrease, open-label crossover arm

  decreases, p = 0.013

  mean IES-R decrease = 15.9, SD = 12.1, p = 0.013

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R group difference at Time 1

  no effect, p = 0.976

  Time 1 p = 0.976, α = 0.050

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R group difference at Time 2

  decreases, p = 0.016

  Time 2* p = 0.016, α = 0.017

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R group difference at Time 3

  decreases, p = 0.006

  Time 3* p = 0.006, α = 0.012

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R group difference at Time 4

  no effect, p = 0.038

  Time 4 p = 0.038, α = 0.025

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R time effect, both groups

  decreases, p = 0.0005

  PTSD symptoms, as measured by IES-R, improved over time in both groups (Time: F(3, 17) = 11.003, p < 0.0005)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R Time*Group interaction

  decreases, p = 0.027

  the MDMA group showed significantly greater improvement (Time*Group interaction F(1, 17) = 3.290, p = 0.027)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean decrease in CAPS from time 1 to time 4, benzodiazepine users vs non-users

  no effect, p = 0.98, n = 20

  for the 14 who received benzodiazepines and the six who did not: 40.3 (SD = 39) and 40.7 (SD = 27.2), respectively (p = 0.98)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean number of months of prior therapy

  p = 0.04, n = 20

  Mean # months of prior therapy (std) | 58.5 (49.5) | 40.6 (38.5) | 85.3 (54.2) | 0.04

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• participants correctly guessing condition assignment

  n = 20

  Nineteen of 20 participants (95%) correctly guessed their condition assignment

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• PASAT Trial 1, baseline group difference

  no effect, p = 0.35

  PASAT Trial 1 (t = 0.95, p = 0.35)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• PASAT Trial 1, follow-up group difference

  no effect, p = 0.19

  PASAT Trial 1 (t = 0.35, p = 0.19)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• PASAT Trial 2, baseline group difference

  no effect, p = 0.88

  PASAT Trial 2 (t = −0.16, p = 0.88)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• PASAT Trial 2, follow-up group difference

  no effect, p = 0.69

  PASAT Trial 2 (t = 0.41, p = 0.69)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• PTSD mean number of months of duration

  no effect, p = 0.57, n = 20

  PTSD mean number of months of duration (std) | 248 (173) | 232 (201) | 273 (126) | 0.57

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• pulse baseline

  Baseline | 74.3 (11.7) | 54/98 | 69.9 (10.9) | 5/92

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• pulse baseline

  Baseline | 74.3 (11.7) | 54/98 | 69.9 (10.9) | 5/92

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• pulse maximum change

  increases

  Max Change | 28.8 (11.5) | −7/52 | 22.2 (13.7) | 3/57

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• pulse maximum change

  increases

  Max Change | 28.8 (11.5) | −7/52 | 22.2 (13.7) | 3/57

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• pulse maximum

  increases

  Maximum | 103.1 (15.9) | 67/135 | 92.1 (17.8) | 68/141

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• pulse maximum

  increases

  Maximum | 103.1 (15.9) | 67/135 | 92.1 (17.8) | 68/141

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• RBANS total score, baseline group difference

  no effect, p = 0.09

  RBANS total score (t = 1.78, p = 0.09)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• RBANS total score, follow-up group difference

  no effect, p = 0.31

  RBANS total score (t = 1.05, p = 0.31)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• Rey-Osterrieth 30-minute delay score, follow-up group difference

  no effect, p = 0.35

  Rey-Osterrieth 30-minute delay score (t = 0.98, p = 0.35)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• Rey-Osterrieth Figure 30-minute delay, baseline group difference

  no effect, p = 0.95

  Rey-Osterrieth Figure 30-minute delay (t = 0.06, p = 0.95)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• systolic BP baseline

  Baseline | 117.9 (15.0) | 97/149 | 114.2 (11.6) | 92/140

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• systolic BP baseline

  Baseline | 117.9 (15.0) | 97/149 | 114.2 (11.6) | 92/140

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• systolic BP maximum change

  increases

  Max Change | 25.2 (13.7) | 16/50 | 22.2 (15.3) | −3/57

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• systolic BP maximum change

  increases

  Max Change | 25.2 (13.7) | 16/50 | 22.2 (15.3) | −3/57

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• systolic BP maximum

  increases

  Maximum | 143.1 (16.3) | 117/179 | 136.4 (18.8) | 102/176

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• systolic BP maximum

  increases

  Maximum | 143.1 (16.3) | 117/179 | 136.4 (18.8) | 102/176

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• temperature baseline

  Baseline | 36.6 (0.5) | 35.6/37.8 | 36.3 (0.6) | 35/37.2

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• temperature baseline

  Baseline | 36.6 (0.5) | 35.6/37.8 | 36.3 (0.6) | 35/37.2

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• temperature maximum change

  increases

  Max Change | 0.5 (0.4) | −0.6/1.5 | −0.7 (0.6) | −0.06/1.9

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• temperature maximum change

  Max Change | 0.5 (0.4) | −0.6/1.5 | −0.7 (0.6) | −0.06/1.9

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• zolpidem administered following sessions

  no effect, p = 0.77

  Zolpidem was administered following 31 of 51 MDMA-assisted sessions (60.7%) and after 11 of 16 psychotherapy-only sessions (68.8%) (p = 0.77)

  PMID:20643699 · one of two readings recorded this

• accuracy (proportion correct) of fearful facial expression identification on the Facial Emotional Recognition task, MDMA 1.5 mg/kg versus placebo; also VAS loving, POMS friendliness, VAS loneliness, VAS playfulness and VAS sociability ratings

  decreases, F(2.8, 56.0) = 4.45, eta-squared = 0.18, p = 0.008

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  However, drug condition affected identification of fearful facial expressions (F(2.8, 56.0) = 4.45, p = 0.008, η2 = 0.18), indicating that MDMA1.5 decreased accuracy of fear recognition relative to placebo (Table 1).

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• age at first use of ecstasy

  n = 21

  first use of ecstasy at a mean age of 19.8 (S.D. = 2.7) years

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• Eyes test and DANVA-2 accuracy

  no effect, n = 21

  MDMA did not affect accuracy on the Eyes or the DANVA-2 tests (Table 1)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• FER accuracy, drug condition by emotion interaction

  modulates, p = 0.008, n = 21

  There was a significant interaction between drug condition and emotion on the FER accuracy of emotion identification (F(5.2, 104.6) = 3.23, p = 0.008)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• FER accuracy for angry, happy, neutral and sad faces, drug effect

  no effect, n = 21

  simple main effects analysis did not yield significant effects of drug on identification of angry, happy, neutral, or sad faces

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• FER accuracy for fearful facial expressions, drug condition effect

  decreases, p = 0.008, n = 21

  drug condition affected identification of fearful facial expressions (F(2.8, 56.0) = 4.45, p = 0.008, η2 = 0.18)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• FER accuracy for fearful facial expressions, MDMA1.5 vs placebo

  decreases, n = 21

  indicating that MDMA1.5 decreased accuracy of fear recognition relative to placebo

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• lifetime ecstasy use, number of occasions

  n = 21

  lifetime ecstasy use on a mean of 15.0 (S.D. = 23.1) occasions

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• misclassification of emotional expressions as neutral, MDMA1.5 vs placebo

  increases, p = 0.05, n = 21

  MDMA1.5 increased the tendency to misclassify emotional expressions as neutral, compared to PBO (p < 0.05, uncorrected; Table 1)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• POMS Friendliness, drug condition effect

  increases, p = 0.001, n = 21

  There was an effect of drug on POMS Friendliness (F(2.7,51) = 6.81, p = 0.001; η2 = 0.26)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• POMS Friendliness, MDMA1.5 vs placebo and MDMA0.75

  increases, n = 21

  MDMA1.5 increased friendliness ratings compared to both PBO and MDMA0.75

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Loneliness, drug condition effect

  modulates, p = 0.008, n = 21

  Drug condition affected ratings on VAS Loneliness (χ2(3) = 11.94, p = 0.008; r = 0.54)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Loneliness, MDMA0.75 vs METH and placebo

  increases, n = 21

  Post-hoc analysis showed that MDMA0.75 increased loneliness ratings relative to METH and PBO

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Loving, drug condition effect

  increases, p = 0.004, n = 21

  Drug condition affected ratings on the VAS Loving scale (F(3,57) = 5.04, p = 0.004; η2 = 0.21)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Loving, MDMA1.5 vs placebo

  increases, n = 21

  Follow-up analyses indicated that MDMA1.5 increased loving feelings relative to PBO

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS 'loving', 'sociable', 'playful' and 'lonely' ratings and POMS Friendliness subscale (peak change from baseline); accuracy of facial emotion recognition (FER), Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and DANVA-2 vocal affect task; MDMA 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg versus placebo (a 20 mg methamphetamine arm was also given)

  increases, MDMA 1.5 mg/kg increased VAS loving relative to placebo

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Follow-up analyses indicated that MDMA1.5 increased loving feelings relative to PBO.

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Playfulness, drug condition effect

  increases, p = 0.001, n = 21

  Drug condition affected VAS Playfulness (F(3,57) = 8.57, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.31)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Playfulness, MDMA1.5 vs placebo and MDMA0.75

  increases, n = 21

  with MDMA1.5 increasing playfulness relative to PBO and MDMA0.75 and METH increasing playfulness compared to PBO

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Playfulness, METH vs placebo

  increases, n = 21

  with MDMA1.5 increasing playfulness relative to PBO and MDMA0.75 and METH increasing playfulness compared to PBO

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Sociability, drug condition effect

  increases, p = 0.05, n = 21

  There was a drug effect on VAS Sociability (F(2.5, 47.7) = 3.06, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.14)

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Sociability, MDMA vs placebo

  no effect, n = 21

  Both MDMA1.5 and METH increased playfulness, whereas only METH significantly increased sociability

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• VAS Sociability, METH vs placebo

  increases, n = 21

  METH increased sociability relative to PBO

  PMID:20947066 · one of two readings recorded this

• correlation of HMMA after acid cleavage with sum of unconjugated HMMA, HMMA glucuronide and HMMA sulfate

  n = 10

  A correlation of R2 = 0.87 between the 2 data sets was observed

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• correlation of MDA urinary concentrations between previous (acid cleavage) and present study

  n = 10

  yielding correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.82 and 0.75, respectively

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• correlation of MDMA urinary concentrations between previous (acid cleavage) and present study

  n = 10

  yielding correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.82 and 0.75, respectively

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• DHMA excreted as sulfates (median)

  96% (median, range 62%–99%) of DHMA was excreted as sulfates

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• dose excreted as HMMA glucuronide, high vs low dose

  decreases, p = 0.02

  A greater percentage of the dose was excreted as unchanged MDMA after the high dose (11% vs 8%), whereas excretion of HMMA sulfate (10% vs 13%) and HMMA glucuronide (4% vs 5%) were lower after the high dose (P = 0.02)

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• dose excreted as HMMA sulfate, high vs low dose

  decreases, p = 0.02

  A greater percentage of the dose was excreted as unchanged MDMA after the high dose (11% vs 8%), whereas excretion of HMMA sulfate (10% vs 13%) and HMMA glucuronide (4% vs 5%) were lower after the high dose (P = 0.02)

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• dose excreted as unchanged MDMA, high vs low dose

  increases, p = 0.02

  A greater percentage of the dose was excreted as unchanged MDMA after the high dose (11% vs 8%), whereas excretion of HMMA sulfate (10% vs 13%) and HMMA glucuronide (4% vs 5%) were lower after the high dose (P = 0.02)

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• expected DHMA 3-sulfate/DHMA 4-sulfate ratio from in vitro human liver cytosol

  Expected ratios calculated from previous in vitro experiments in human liver cytosol) were approximately 10

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• HMMA excreted as glucuronide or sulfate

  98% (57%–99%) of HMMA as glucuronide or sulfate

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• longest detection time, HMMA sulfate

  HMMA sulfate had the longest detection time, up to 168 h

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• median conjugation rate of DHMA

  the median conjugation rate was 98% (range 96%–100%) for DHMA and 96% (range 88%–98%) for HMMA

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• median conjugation rate of HMMA

  the median conjugation rate was 98% (range 96%–100%) for DHMA and 96% (range 88%–98%) for HMMA

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• share of total recovered MDMA excreted 0-24 h

  Of the total MDMA recovered in urine, 46% and 36% were excreted between 0–24 h after the low and high doses, respectively

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• share of total recovered MDMA excreted 24-48 h

  6% and 9% between 24 and 48 h

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• share of total recovered MDMA excreted 48-72 h

  0.7% and 1.2% between 48 and 72 h

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• share of total recovered MDMA excreted 72-96 h

  0.1% and 0.3% between 72 and 96 h

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• share of total recovered MDMA excreted 96-120 h

  <0.1% between 96 and 120 h

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• total urinary recovery of MDMA and metabolites as percentage of dose over 5 days, LC-HRMS and GC-NICI-MS

  24% to 52% of the MDMA dose recovered

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for urinary excretion of the administered compound; urine is not a tissue so it is not a localisation claim either

  Urinary recovery of MDMA and metabolites over 5 days ranged between 24% and 52% of the MDMA dose.

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• total urinary recovery of MDMA and metabolites over 5 days, lower end of range

  Urinary recovery of MDMA and metabolites over 5 days ranged between 24% and 52% of the MDMA dose

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• total urinary recovery of MDMA and metabolites over 5 days, upper end of range

  Urinary recovery of MDMA and metabolites over 5 days ranged between 24% and 52% of the MDMA dose

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urinary DHMA 3-sulfate/DHMA 4-sulfate ratio, from total excreted dose (median)

  The median DHMA 3-sulfate/DHMA 4-sulfate urinary ratio, calculated from total excreted dose, was 4.5

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urinary DHMA 3-sulfate/DHMA 4-sulfate ratio, highest (2-6 h)

  The highest ratio was 26 (median 10) between 2 and 6 h after administration

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urinary DHMA 3-sulfate/DHMA 4-sulfate ratio, later median

  decreases

  Later, the ratio decreased to a median of 3

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urinary excretion kinetics of MDMA and its phase I and phase II metabolites (Cmax, tmax, detection times, percentage of dose recovered) by LC-HRMS and GC-NICI-MS after oral MDMA 1.0 or 1.6 mg/kg

  24% to 52% of the MDMA dose recovered in urine over 5 days

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Urinary recovery of MDMA and metabolites over 5 days ranged between 24% and 52% of the MDMA dose.

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urinary HMMA sulfate/HMMA glucuronide ratio, from total amounts excreted (median)

  showed a median urinary ratio of 2, calculated from total amounts excreted

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urinary HMMA sulfate/HMMA glucuronide ratio, highest (first 2 h)

  The highest ratios up to 15 (median 10) were generally detected within the first 2 h of excretion, decreasing to median ratios of 2 with increasing excretion time

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for DHA glucuronides

  DHA glucuronides in 13%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for DHA sulfates

  DHA sulfates in 32%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for DHMA 3-glucuronide

  DHMA 3-glucuronide in 51%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for DHMA 3-sulfate

  DHMA 3-sulfate in 69%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for DHMA 4-glucuronide

  DHMA 4-glucuronide in 40%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for DHMA 4-sulfate

  DHMA 4-sulfate in 59%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for HMA glucuronide

  HMA glucuronide in 51%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for HMA sulfate

  HMA sulfate in 50%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for HMMA glucuronide

  HMMA glucuronide in 84%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for HMMA sulfate

  HMMA sulfate in 98%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for MDA

  MDA in 42%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for MDMA

  MDMA was identified in 63% of urine samples

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for unconjugated DHA

  unconjugated DHA in 3%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for unconjugated DHMA

  unconjugated DHMA in 32%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for unconjugated HMA

  unconjugated HMA in 23%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• urine samples positive for unconjugated HMMA

  unconjugated HMMA in 38%

  PMID:21980168 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Enhanced spiritual life

  Enhanced spiritual life | 10 | 53

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Fewer nightmares, flashbacks or intrusive memories

  Fewer nightmares, flashbacks or intrusive memories | 13 | 68

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: General well-being

  General well-being | 17 | 89

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Improved mood

  Improved mood | 9 | 47

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Improved other psychological symptoms

  Improved other psychological symptoms | 4 | 21

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Improved relationships in general

  Improved relationships in general | 11 | 58

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Improved relationships with spouse, partner or other family members

  Improved relationships with spouse, partner or other family members | 10 | 53

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Improved sleep

  Improved sleep | 12 | 63

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Improved work performance

  Improved work performance | 6 | 32

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Increased ability to feel emotions

  Increased ability to feel emotions | 13 | 68

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Increased creativity

  Increased creativity | 5 | 26

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Increased empathy for others

  Increased empathy for others | 8 | 42

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Increased self-awareness and understanding

  Increased self-awareness and understanding | 17 | 89

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Less avoidance of people or places

  Less avoidance of people or places | 15 | 79

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Less excessive vigilance

  Less excessive vigilance | 15 | 79

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: More involved in the community/world around me

  More involved in the community/world around me | 10 | 53

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• benefit endorsed: Reduced anxiety

  Reduced anxiety | 12 | 63

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS at LTFU, two versus three MDMA sessions

  no effect, p = 0.83

  df =14, p =0.83

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS completers with score above 50 at LTFU (relapse)

  At LTFU, two subjects had CAPS scores above 50 (13%)

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS global score

  no effect, p = 0.91, n = 16

  2-month | 16 | 24.6 | 18.6 | 0.1 | 15 |.91

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS global score

  no effect, n = 16

  LTFU | 16 | 23.7 | 22.8

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• CAPS score of placebo-psychotherapy-only subject who did not cross over

  (2-month CAPS = 14; LTFU CAPS = 16 and 2-month IES-R = 5; LTFU IES-R = 15)

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) global score and Impact of Events Scale-Revised at long-term follow-up (17-74 months) compared with the 2-month post-treatment score, in the 16 completers who had received MDMA-assisted psychotherapy

  no effect, CAPS and IES-R at long-term follow-up not statistically different from 2-month scores, n = 16

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  We found that the mean CAPS and IES-R scores at LTFU for the 16 study completers were not statistically different from their 2-month (short-term) mean scores (Table 1).

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) global score and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) at long-term follow-up (mean 45 months) versus 2 months after two MDMA-assisted sessions, same subjects, no control arm

  no effect, mean CAPS and IES-R at long-term follow-up not statistically different from 2-month scores

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  We found that the mean CAPS and IES-R scores at LTFU for the 16 study completers were not statistically different from their 2-month (short-term) mean scores (Table 1).

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree of benefit, LTFU non-completers

  no effect, p = 0.58

  three LTFU non-completers (median = 4; range = 3; independent Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.58)

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree of overall benefit rating 2

  2 | 1 | 5

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree of overall benefit rating 3

  3 | 3 | 16

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree of overall benefit rating 4

  4 | 4 | 21

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree of overall benefit rating 5 (Large)

  5 (Large) | 11 | 58

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree the benefits lasted rating 2 (some, but not most)

  2 Some, but not most of the benefit has lasted | 4 | 21

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree the benefits lasted rating 3 (most, but not all)

  3 Most, but not all of the benefits lasted | 3 | 16

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree the benefits lasted rating 4 (virtually all)

  4 Virtually all of the benefits have lasted | 4 | 21

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• degree the benefits lasted rating 5 (lasted and continued to grow)

  5 Benefits lasted and have continued to grow | 8 | 42

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R at LTFU, two versus three MDMA sessions

  no effect, p = 0.48

  df = 14, p= 0.48

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R global score

  no effect, p = 0.72, n = 16

  2-month | 16 | 19.8 | 19.5 | 0.4 | 15 |.72

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R global score

  no effect, n = 16

  LTFU | 16 | 22.1 | 21.8

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• IES-R score of placebo-psychotherapy-only subject who did not cross over

  (2-month CAPS = 14; LTFU CAPS = 16 and 2-month IES-R = 5; LTFU IES-R = 15)

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean number of psychiatric medicines taken

  decreases, n = 19

  The mean number of medicines taken fell from 1.7 to 1.3

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• negative outcomes, CAPS completers

  n = 16

  as compared to 2 out of 16 (13%) CAPS completers with negative outcomes

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• negative outcomes, intent-to-treat analysis

  n = 19

  the intent-to-treat analysis produced 5 out of 19 (26%) PTSD subjects with negative outcomes

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• participants reporting cannabis use during LTFU period

  Cannabis was the most frequently mentioned drug (n = 8)

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• participants reporting improved cognition, memory and concentration

  increases, n = 19

  Out of 19 participants, seven reported no change, while 13 reported improvements in these areas

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• persistence of benefit, completers versus non-completers

  no effect, p = 0.18

  reported the same degree of persistence of benefit (median = 5; range = 3) as the three non-completers (median = 5, range = 3; independent Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.18)

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• subjects in psychotherapy at enrollment

  n = 19

  At the time of enrollment, 16 of 19 (84%) subjects were in active psychotherapy

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• subjects in psychotherapy at LTFU

  n = 19

  At LTFU, only 8 of 19 (42%) were in psychotherapy

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• subjects taking psychiatric medication

  no effect, n = 19

  The percentage of subjects taking psychiatric medication did not change from the baseline 58% (12/19)

  PMID:23172889 · one of two readings recorded this

• amygdala-hippocampal RSFC increase correlated with intensity of subjective effects

  no effect, p = 0.01, n = 25

  intense (r =.382, p =.01)

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• amygdala-hippocampal RSFC increase correlated with positive subjective effects

  no effect, p = 0.225, n = 25

  positive (r =.159, p =.225) subjective effects

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• amygdala RSFC decrease after MDMA, cerebellum temporal cortex orbitofrontal subgenual cingulate

  decreases, n = 25

  Decreases in RSFC were found in the cerebellum, left temporal cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and subgenual cingulate cortex

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• amygdala RSFC increase after MDMA, brainstem anterior parahippocampal gyrus

  increases, n = 25

  significant increases in RSFC were observed in the brainstem and bilaterally in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• between-condition difference in head motion in resting state BOLD scans

  increases, p = 0.003, n = 25

  There was significantly more movement in the MDMA than placebo scans (p =.003)

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• cerebral blood flow decrease after MDMA versus placebo (whole-brain cluster-corrected ASL)

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 25

  The images shown in Figure 3A were produced using cluster-correction (2590 voxels) to adjust for multiple comparisons and a whole-brain corrected statistical threshold of p <.05

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• cerebral blood flow increase after MDMA versus placebo

  no effect, p = 0.3, n = 25

  Increases in CBF could be observed only at an unacceptable statistical threshold of puncorrected <.3

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• correlation of right amygdala CBF decrease with subjective intensity

  increases, p = 0.002, n = 25

  Significant positive correlations were observed between the magnitude of the CBF decreases in the right amygdala (p =.002) and right hippocampus (p =.004) after MDMA administration

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• correlation of right hippocampus CBF decrease with subjective intensity

  increases, p = 0.004, n = 25

  Significant positive correlations were observed between the magnitude of the CBF decreases in the right amygdala (p =.002) and right hippocampus (p =.004) after MDMA administration

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• hippocampal RSFC decrease after MDMA, mPFC left posterior parahippocampal/fusiform gyrus left temporal cortex

  decreases, n = 25

  Decreases were found in the mPFC, left posterior parahippocampal/fusiform gyrus, and left temporal cortex

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• hippocampal RSFC increase after MDMA, dorsal ACC right amygdala right middle frontal gyrus

  increases, n = 25

  significant increases in RSFC were observed in the dorsal ACC, right amygdala, and right middle frontal gyrus

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• hippocampal-vmPFC RSFC decrease correlated with intensity of subjective effects

  no effect, p = 0.026, n = 25

  intense (r =.32, p =.026)

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• hippocampal-vmPFC RSFC decrease correlated with positive subjective effects

  no effect, p = 0.073, n = 25

  positive (r =.3, p =.073) effects

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• mean relative movement per volume in RSFC scans

  increases, n = 25

  was.072 ±.04 mm after placebo administration and 0.099 ±.08 mm after MDMA administration

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• regional cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (BOLD) after oral MDMA versus placebo

  decreases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Subtracting the two ASL scans after MDMA administration from the two ASL scans after placebo revealed robust decreases in CBF after MDMA.

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• regional cerebral blood flow by arterial spin labeling, and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (BOLD), MDMA versus placebo in healthy volunteers

  decreases, robust decreases in CBF after MDMA, whole-brain cluster-corrected

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  Subtracting the two ASL scans after MDMA administration from the two ASL scans after placebo revealed robust decreases in CBF after MDMA.

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• subjective intensity of drug effects, end of first ASL scan

  n = 25

  intensity was rated at 44 ± 35% at the end of the first ASL scan

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• subjective intensity of drug effects, end of second BOLD scan

  n = 25

  43 ± 32% at the end of the second BOLD scan

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• subjective intensity of drug effects, peak

  n = 25

  Peak drug effects were reported 100 min after ingestion of MDMA (the intensity was rated at 52 ± 32%; range, 0%–100%; 0% = no effects and 100% = extremely intense effects)

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• vmPFC-PCC RSFC decrease correlated with intensity of subjective effects

  no effect, p = 0.218, n = 25

  intense (r =.13, p =.218)

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• vmPFC-PCC RSFC decrease correlated with positive subjective effects

  no effect, p = 0.038, n = 25

  positive (r =.36, p =.038) subjective effects

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• vmPFC RSFC decrease after MDMA, midbrain thalamus amygdala PCC

  decreases, n = 25

  Decreases were found in the midbrain (including voxels in the vicinity of the dorsal raphe nuclei), thalamus, amygdala, and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• vmPFC RSFC increase after MDMA, visual cortex

  increases, n = 25

  Increases in vmPFC RSFC were observed in visual cortex, both medially and laterally (left and right hemispheres)

  PMID:24495461 · one of two readings recorded this

• bupropion and hydroxybupropion plasma concentrations

  no effect, n = 16

  MDMA co-administration did not significantly alter the concentrations of either R- and S-bupropion or R, R- and S, S-hydroxybupropion

  PMID:26967321 · one of two readings recorded this

• HMMA sulfate R/S ratio Cmax

  increases, n = 13

  The HMMA sulfate R/S ratio was significantly higher (+21% for Cmax)

  PMID:26967321 · one of two readings recorded this

• MDA R/S ratio AUC24

  decreases, n = 13

  as was the MDA R/S ratio (-19% for Cmax, -17% for AUC24)

  PMID:26967321 · one of two readings recorded this

• MDA R/S ratio Cmax

  decreases, n = 13

  as was the MDA R/S ratio (-19% for Cmax, -17% for AUC24)

  PMID:26967321 · one of two readings recorded this

• MDMA R/S ratio AUC24

  decreases, n = 13

  The MDMA R/S ratio was significantly lower after pretreatment with bupropion (-6% for Cmax, -9% for AUC24)

  PMID:26967321 · one of two readings recorded this

• MDMA R/S ratio Cmax

  decreases, n = 13

  The MDMA R/S ratio was significantly lower after pretreatment with bupropion (-6% for Cmax, -9% for AUC24)

  PMID:26967321 · one of two readings recorded this

• R-DHMA 3-sulfate AUC24

  decreases, n = 13

  lower Cmax and AUC24 values for R-DHMA 3-sulfate (-68% and -61%)

  PMID:26967321 · one of two readings recorded this

The whole record — 444 rows