an N-acylsphing-4-enine

Three steps

• 1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus

• 2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus

• 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus

• beta-D-glucosyl-N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = dodecanoate + sphing-4-enine
  3. beta-D-glucosyl-N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = N-dodecanoylsphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• docosanedioateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. Fatty Acid Omega Oxidation by Hydroxylases (C22->C22Dc), Endoplasmatic Reticulum

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP4F2, CYP4F3lysosome, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulum

• beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = (15Z)-tetracosenoate + sphing-4-enine
  3. beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesterol = N-(15Z-tetracosenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• dodecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Activation of dodecanedioic acid

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• decanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Sebacoylcarnitine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• octanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Suberylcarnitine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• hexanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Activation of adipic acid for Formation of Adipoyl Carnitine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• (2E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. ELOVL fatty acid elongase (trans-2-cis,cis,cis-8,11,14-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + 1-O-acyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• 3-oxo-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA + H(+) = 3-oxo-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• (R)-3-hydroxy-(11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of 3-Hydroxyoctadecenoylcarnitinec

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-alkyl-2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• 24-hydroxytetracosanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. tetracosanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 24-hydroxytetracosanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP4F2, CYP4F3lysosome, extracellular space

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. arachidonic acid:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and 24 morelysosome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 11,12-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP2C9lysosome, extracellular space

• 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and 2 morelysosome, extracellular space

• 11-hydroxydodecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. lauric acid[r] + O2[r] + FMNH2[r] = FMN[r] + H2O[r] + 11-hydroxydodecanoate[r]

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP2E1lysosome, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• (17R,18S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (17R,18S)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and 4 morelysosome, extracellular space

• (17S,18R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = (17S,18R)-epoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP2C8, CYP2D6, CYP2J2lysosome, extracellular space

• 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. EPA[r] + O2[r] + FMNH2[r] = FMN[r] + H2O[r] + 19-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate[r]

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP2E1lysosome, extracellular space, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 3 routes

• 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 20-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP4F2, CYP4F3, CYP4V2lysosome, extracellular space

• 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-dodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + dodecanoyl-CoA = 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-dodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-dodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol)Reach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + dodecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-dodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• 22-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 22-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP4F2, CYP4F3, CYP4V2 and 1 morelysosome, extracellular space

• 14-hydroxytetradecanoateReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. alkane 1-monooxygenase (myristic acid)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, CYP4A11, CYP4A22lysosome, extracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisomeOne of 3 routes

• tetradecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Fatty Acid Beta Oxidation (C16Dc->C14Dc), Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 8 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, peroxisome

• hexadecanedioyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. Production of Hexadecanedioylcarnitine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• O-dodecanoyl-R-carnitineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase (dodecanoylcarnitine)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosolOne of 4 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  2. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycerol + H2O = 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-glycerol + octadecanoate + H(+)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ABHD11lysosome, extracellular space

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• pristanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. fatty-acid-CoA ligase

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 5 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus

• 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  2. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + sn-glycerol 3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by GBA1, GBA2, LCAT, PLA2G4C

• 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serineReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. 1-O-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + sphing-4-enine = 1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + H(+)
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine + N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine = 1-octadecanoyl-N-(acetyl)-sphing-4-enine + 2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 2 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
  2. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine = 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycerol + a sphingomyelin
  3. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by SGMS1, SGMS2, PLAAT1Golgi apparatus

• tetracosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = tetracosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• undecanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-O-acyltransferase
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase (undecylic acid)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus, mitochondrial matrix, cytosolOne of 3 routes

• (2E,9Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (palmitoleoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• trans-2-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (heptadecanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (2E,9Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (oleoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 4 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (2E,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (2E,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 3 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• (2E,4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosaheptaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + O2 = (2E,4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosaheptaenoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1, ASAH2 and 1 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol