choline

Three steps

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoic acid)
  3. (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 morecytosol

• (17Z)-hexacosenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (ximenic acid)
  3. Hexacosenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DPA)
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (adrenic acid)
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. fatty-acid-CoA ligase
  3. peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACOT2cytosol, peroxisomeOne of 2 routes

• a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 3-acyl-sn-glycerol + an acyl-CoA = a 1,3-diacyl-sn-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-octanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Octanoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-octanoyltransferase
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + octanoyl-CoA = 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-octanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, CROT, LPCAT4cytosol, mitochondrial matrix

• 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-O-(1Z)-alkenyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol

• tetracosan-1-olReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (lignocerate)
  3. tetracosanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H(+) = tetracosan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+) + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• (2E,9Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (palmitoleoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 3 routes

• trans-2-heptadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (margaric acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (heptadecanoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (2E,9Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Transport of octadecenoyl-CoA into Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (oleoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CHAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 4 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 2 routes

• (2E,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + H(+) = (2E,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein]

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 8 morecytosol

• (2E,4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosaheptaenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + O2 = (2E,4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosaheptaenoyl-CoA + H2O2

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate
  2. phosphocholine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-choline + diphosphate
  3. 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol + CDP-choline = 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by PHOSPHO1, PCYT1A, PCYT1B, CEPT1

• 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate
  2. phosphocholine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-choline + diphosphate
  3. 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol + CDP-choline = 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by PHOSPHO1, PCYT1A, PCYT1B, CHPT1 and 1 more

• 9-cis-retinolReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Palmitoyl-CoA:retinol O-acyltransferase
  3. 11-cis-retinol = 9-cis-retinol

  Catalysed by CHAT, DGAT1, LRAT, AWAT1 and 3 morecytosol

• ursodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• tricosanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)
  3. Tricosanoyl-CoA hydrolase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol

• prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. transport of acetylcholine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of prostaglandin G2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• cholesteryl octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• N-octadecanoylhexadecasphinganineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. hexadecasphinganine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoylhexadecasphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (DHA)
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. cholate-CoA ligase (3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanate)
  3. deoxycholoyl-CoA to glycodeoxycholate conversion

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, SLC27A5cytosolOne of 3 routes

• sphinga-4E,14Z-dienineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 2 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• 1',3'-bis-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase ((6Z,9Z)-octadecadienoic acid)
  3. 1'-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-3'-[1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA = 1',3'-bis-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• 1,2-di-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. phosphocholine + H2O = choline + phosphate
  2. phosphocholine + CTP + H(+) = CDP-choline + diphosphate
  3. 1,2-di-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol + CDP-choline = 1,2-di-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by PHOSPHO1, PCYT1A, PCYT1B, CEPT1

• a 1-acyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + octadecanoyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol

• cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (palmitolate)
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (linolenate)
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + cholesterol = (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterol + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• cholesteryl (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (dihomo-gamma-linolenate)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulum

• O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol

• O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosol

• O-4,8-dimethylnonanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  3. Carnitine Dimethyl Nonanoyl Transferase, Revsible, Peroxisomal

  Catalysed by CHAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 2 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 7 routes

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 7 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 6 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CHAT, ASAH1, ACER2, ACER1 and 3 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (2E,5Z)-tetradecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (5-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (2E,7Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (7-hexadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CHAT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 9 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Acetyl-CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase
  2. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CHAT, CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B and 1 morecytosol