sodium chloride

• Rate of stool loss

  decreases

  The rate of stool loss in infants and children with acute non-cholera diarrhoea was reduced by only 18% (6 to 30%)

  PMID:1531430 · one of two readings recorded this

• Rate of stool output during first 24 hours

  decreases

  by 36% (95% confidence interval 28 to 44%) in adults with cholera

  PMID:1531430 · one of two readings recorded this

• Rate of stool output during first 24 hours

  decreases

  by 32% (19 to 45%) in children with cholera

  PMID:1531430 · one of two readings recorded this

• infarct responsible focuses in MCA territory by MRI, preliminary study

  n = 25

  According to our preliminary study, 60% (15/25) of patients were found infarct responsible focuses in MCA territory by MRI brain scanning

  PMID:23110412 · one of two readings recorded this

• TTP (time to peak, CT perfusion) mean difference after HES 130/0.4, preliminary data used for sample size

  The mean difference and standard deviation of TTP after HES 130/0.4 were 19.83 and 10.21, respectively

  PMID:23110412 · one of two readings recorded this

• Absolute change of breath alcohol level (BAL)

  no effect, p = 0.16

  Absolute change of BAL at 2 h | −0.036 (0.03) | −0.013 (0.1) | −0.023 (−0.06 to 0.01) | 0.16

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Absolute change of breath alcohol level, sentence statement

  no effect, p = 0.16

  −0.036 mg/L BrAC and −0.013 mg/L BrAC, P = 0.16

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Absolute change of total OAAI score

  no effect, p = 0.16

  Absolute change of total OAAI score at 2 h | −10 (9) | −7 (8) | −3 (−6 to 1) | 0.16

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline age

  Age (years) | 24.9 (8.4) (n = 73) | 24.3 (7.4) (n = 71)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline blood alcohol content

  Blood alcohol content (%) | 0.195 (0.07) (n = 59) | 0.185 (0.63) (n = 53)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline breath alcohol level

  Breath alcohol level (%) | 0.167 (0.07) (n = 56) | 0.172 (0.06) (n = 58)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline height

  Height (cm) | 171.5 (8.6) (n = 62) | 171.0 (10.7) (n = 58)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline intake of other drugs, n (%)

  Intake of other drugs (%) | 48/73 (66) | 46/71 (65)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline intoxication score (OAAI) at initial presentation

  Intoxication score at initial presentation (OAAI) | 22.1 (10.5) (n = 71) | 22.3 (9.6) (n = 68)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline male participants, n (%)

  No. (%) male | 39/73 (53) | 42/71 (59)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline standard drinks consumed

  Standard drinks consumed | 11.1 (6.6) (n = 44) | 10.8 (3.8) (n = 38)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline weight

  Weight (kg) | 70.2 (14.3) (n = 72) | 70.7 (13.8) (n = 64)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• ED length of stay (EDLOS), primary end-point

  no effect, p = 0.89

  EDLOS | 287 (171) | 274 (131) | 14 (−37 to 63) | 0.89

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• EDLOS mean, sentence statement

  no effect

  Patients treated with i.v. normal saline had an EDLOS of 287 min compared with those observed alone who had an EDLOS of 274 min

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• EDLOS treatment difference, sentence statement

  no effect, p = 0.89

  There was no significant difference found between the two groups (difference of 14 min, 95% CI −37 to 63 min, P = 0.89)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• emergency department length of stay (EDLOS), defined from triage time to actual discharge time from the ED, IV 20 mL/kg 0.9% NaCl plus observation versus observation alone

  no effect, difference of 14 min, 95% CI −37 to 63 min, p = 0.89

  Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

  There was no significant difference found between the two groups (difference of 14 min, 95% CI −37 to 63 min, P = 0.89).

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• emergency department length of stay (EDLOS), from triage time to actual ED discharge, minutes; single 20 mL/kg i.v. 0.9% NaCl plus observation versus observation alone, alcohol-intoxicated adults

  no effect, difference of 14 min, 95% CI -37 to 63 min, p = 0.89

  Not recorded as a finding: a node exists but the paper states a different instrument or population

  There was no significant difference found between the two groups (difference of 14 min, 95% CI −37 to 63 min, P = 0.89).

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• General state of intoxication (change in level)

  no effect, p = 0.82

  There was no perceived change in general state of intoxication at 2 h between the two groups (P = 0.82)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Healthcare cost: medical staff

  increases

  Medical (+ night differential) | 48.72 | 0.43 | 21.11 | 0.86 | 41.95

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Healthcare cost: nursing staff

  increases

  Nursing (+ night differential) | 45.28 | 1.04 | 47.25 | 1.12 | 50.83

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Healthcare cost: subtotal material

  increases

  Subtotal material | 4.30 | 11.80

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Healthcare cost: subtotal staff

  increases

  Subtotal staff | 68.36 | 92.78

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Healthcare cost: subtotal tests

  no effect

  Subtotal tests | 51.14 | 51.14

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Healthcare resource cost, difference treatment minus control

  increases

  Comparing the costs of resources used, the treatment group used A$31.92 more

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Healthcare resource cost per patient

  increases

  Grand total | 124.52 | 156.44

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Per cent change of BAL

  no effect, p = 0.74

  Per cent change of BAL at 2 h | −19 (14) | −8 (69) | −11 (−33 to 10) | 0.74

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Per cent change of total OAAI score

  no effect, p = 0.34

  Per cent change of total OAAI score at 2 h | −40 (33) | −33 (44) | −7 (−21 to 7) | 0.34

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Rate of change of BAL

  no effect, p = 0.82

  Rate of change (%/h) of BAL at discharge | −0.01 (0.04) | −0.02 (0.02) | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03) | 0.82

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Rate of change of BAL

  no effect, p = 0.16

  Rate of change (%/h) of BAL at 2 h | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.05) | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01) | 0.16

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Rate of change of total OAAI score

  no effect, p = 0.31

  Rate of change of total OAAI score (points/h) at discharge | −3.6 (3.0) | −4.2 (3.0) | 0.6 (−0.6 to 2.4) | 0.31

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Rate of change of total OAAI score

  no effect, p = 0.16

  Rate of change of total OAAI score (points/h) at 2 h | −4.8 (4.8) | −3.6 (4.2) | −1.2 (−3.0 to 0.6) | 0.16

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Treatment time mean, sentence statement

  no effect, p = 0.94

  treatment time, was similar between treatment and control (244 min vs 232 min, P = 0.94)

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• Treatment time

  no effect, p = 0.94

  Treatment time | 244 (143) | 232 (116) | 12 (−31 to 55) | 0.94

  PMID:24308613 · one of two readings recorded this

• BARF scale at hour 2

  no effect, p = 0.55, n = 77

  Hour 2 | 1.5 ± 3.10 | 2.00 ± 2.58 |.55

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• BARF scale at hour 4

  no effect, p = 0.12, n = 77

  Hour 4 | 0.3 ± 0.98 | 1.23 ± 2.24 |.12

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• BARF scale, baseline value (row also prints between-group P)

  no effect, p = 0.27, n = 77

  Baseline (Hour 0) | 5.10 ± 4.02 | 4.43 ± 3.86 |.27

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• BARF score change from baseline at hour 2 (0.9 % NaCl)

  no effect, p = 0.08

  Patients in the 0.9 % NaCl group did not show similar BARF score improvements at hour 2 (mean change−2.1 ± 4.0; P =.08) but did at hour 4 (mean change −2.9 ± 3.88; P =.02)

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• BARF score change from baseline at hour 2 (Plasma-Lyte A)

  decreases, p = 0.005

  Patients in the PLA group had improvement in BARF scores from baseline to hour 2 (mean change −3.6 ± 5.1; P =.005) and hour 4 (mean change −4.8 ± 3.97; P =.005)

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• BARF score change from baseline at hour 4 (0.9 % NaCl)

  decreases, p = 0.02

  Patients in the 0.9 % NaCl group did not show similar BARF score improvements at hour 2 (mean change−2.1 ± 4.0; P =.08) but did at hour 4 (mean change −2.9 ± 3.88; P =.02)

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• BARF score change from baseline at hour 4 (Plasma-Lyte A)

  decreases, p = 0.005

  Patients in the PLA group had improvement in BARF scores from baseline to hour 2 (mean change −3.6 ± 5.1; P =.005) and hour 4 (mean change −4.8 ± 3.97; P =.005)

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline age (months, mean)

  n = 77

  Age*, months, mean | 45.9 | 34.2

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline BUN

  n = 77

  BUN, mg/dL | 16.5 ± 7.17 | 14.6 ± 6.33

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline capillary refill time

  n = 77

  Capillary refill time*, seconds | 3.3 ± 0.50 | 2.8 ± 0.26

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline creatinine

  n = 77

  Creatinine*, mg/dL | 0.43 ± 0.13 | 0.37 ± 0.10

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline diarrhea episodes

  n = 77

  Diarrhea episodes | 4.8 ± 4.77 | 6.8 ± 6.77

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline glucose

  n = 77

  Glucose, mg/dL | 70.3 ± 21.26 | 74.4 ± 21.62

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline serum chloride

  n = 77

  Chloride, mEq/L | 103.0 ± 4.74 | 103.5 ± 4.19

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline serum potassium

  n = 77

  Potassium, mEq/L | 4.4 ± 0.80 | 4.2 ± 0.67

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline serum sodium

  n = 77

  Sodium, mEq/L | 137.0 ± 4.07 | 136.9 ± 2.93

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline vomiting episodes

  n = 77

  Vomiting episodes | 8.9 ± 8.53 | 6.1 ± 5.92

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• baseline weight

  n = 77

  Weight*, kg | 15.8 ± 5.18 | 13.5 ± 6.80

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• change in venous serum bicarbonate (total carbon dioxide) from baseline to hour 4, primary outcome, Plasma-Lyte A versus 0.9% sodium chloride in children with gastroenteritis

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  Patients receiving PLA demonstrated significantly greater increase in serum bicarbonate levels from baseline to hour 4 compared with patients receiving 0.9 % NaCl.

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• duration of fluid administration

  no effect

  duration of administration was 104.3 min vs 93.7 min

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• FACES pain scale at hour 2

  no effect, n = 77

  Hour 2 | 1.1 ± 1.55 | 1.9 ± 1.60

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• FACES pain scale at hour 4

  no effect, n = 77

  Hour 4 | 0.37 ± 0.60 | 1.11 ± 1.54 | NA

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• FACES pain scale, baseline value (row also prints between-group P)

  no effect, p = 0.31, n = 77

  Baseline (Hour 0) | 2.3 ± 1.86 | 3.2 ± 1.90 |.31

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• FLACC pain scale at hour 2

  decreases, n = 77

  Hour 2 | 0.6 ± 0.98 | 1.7 ± 2.59

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• FLACC pain scale at hour 4

  no effect, p = 0.15, n = 77

  Hour 4 | 1.44 ± 2.18 | 0.68 ± 1.35 |.15

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• FLACC pain scale, baseline value (row also prints between-group P)

  decreases, p = 0.03, n = 77

  Baseline (Hour 0) | 2.0 ± 1.91 | 1.7 ± 2.00 |.03

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• Gorelick dehydration scale at hour 2

  decreases, n = 77

  Hour 2 | 2.0 ± 1.45 | 2.8 ± 1.74

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• Gorelick dehydration scale at hour 4

  no effect, p = 0.08, n = 77

  Hour 4 | 0.81 ± 0.84 | 1.41 ± 1.08 |.08

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• Gorelick dehydration scale, baseline value (row also prints between-group P)

  decreases, p = 0.03, n = 77

  Baseline (hour 0) | 5.2 ± 0.93 | 5.3 ± 1.11 |.03

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• Hospitalized, n (%)

  no effect, p = 0.86, n = 77

  Hospitalized, n (%) | 12 (31) | 11 (29) |.86

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• maintenance fluid volume

  no effect

  maintenance fluid was 12.2 vs 12.3 mL/kg PLA vs 0.9 % NaCl respectively

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• number of study boluses

  no effect

  The number of boluses was 1.9 for both groups

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• pre-study fluid administered before study fluid

  no effect

  PLA: 17.98 ± 11.17 ml/kg vs 0.9 % NaCl: 15.38 ± 6.55 ml/kg

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate, age stratum

  increases, p = 0.05

  Comparison by age strata demonstrated PLA superiority for the >2 years to ≤5 years age range (mean 17.16 to 18.31; P <.05)

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate at hour 4

  increases, n = 77

  Hour 4 | 18.5 ± 3.74 | 18.0 ± 3.67

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate at hour 4

  increases, n = 23

  Hour 4 (n) | 16.1 ± 2.28 (12) | 14.7 ± 2.90 (11)

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate at hour 4

  no effect, n = 46

  Hour 4 (n) | 20.35 ± 3.18 (22) | 19.53 ± 2.95 (24)

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate at hour 4

  increases, n = 3

  Hour 4 (n) | 14.3 ± 4.16 (3) | – (0)

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate, baseline value (row also prints between-group P for change to hour 4)

  increases, p = 0.004, n = 77

  Baseline (hour 0) | 16.9 ± 3.51 | 17.8 ± 2.82 |.004

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate, baseline value (row also prints between-group P)

  increases, p = 0.04, n = 26

  Baseline (hour 0) (n) | 14.5 ± 1.34 (13) | 14.6 ± 1.29 (13) |.04

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate, baseline value (row also prints between-group P)

  no effect, p = 0.11, n = 48

  Baseline (hour 0) (n) | 19.23 ± 1.86 (23) | 19.51 ± 1.68 (25) |.11

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate, baseline value (severe acidosis stratum)

  n = 3

  Baseline (hour 0) (n) | 9.3 ± 0.58 (3) | – (0) | NAb

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum bicarbonate change, PLA-treated severe acidosis patients

  increases

  The three patients with severe acidosis who received PLA demonstrated a mean improvement in serum bicarbonate level from 9.3 ± 0.6 mEq/L to 14.3 ± 4.2 mEq/L

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum chloride at hour 4

  increases, n = 77

  Hour 4 | 104.49 ± 3.18 | 108.51 ± 4.87

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum chloride, baseline value (row also prints between-group P)

  increases, p = 0.001, n = 77

  Baseline | 103.03 ± 4.74 | 103.53 ± 4.19 | <0.001

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• study treatment dose (mL/kg)

  no effect

  dose of study treatment was 38.4 mL/kg vs 39.6 mL/kg

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• Time to rehydration

  no effect, p = 0.13, n = 77

  Time to Rehydrationa, h | 6.1 ± 1.75 | 7.0 ± 2.7 |.13

  PMID:27480410 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC occlusion (all occlusions)

  decreases, p = 0.02, n = 1672

  risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.95; P = 0.02; 1672 participants; 1025 catheters from 10 studies; I² = 14%

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC occlusion (all occlusions)

  no effect, p = 0.23

  testing for subgroup differences (P = 0.23; I² = 30.3%)

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC occlusion (all occlusions)

  decreases, p = 0.03, n = 1025

  RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.95; P = 0.03; 1025 catheters; three studies

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC occlusion (all occlusions)

  no effect, n = 770

  RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.40; 770 line accesses; one study

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC occlusion (all occlusions)

  no effect, p = 0.15, n = 1672

  RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.08; P = 0.15; 1672 participants; seven studies

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC-related sepsis

  no effect, p = 0.86, n = 1097

  RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.03 to 19.54; P = 0.86; 1097 participants

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• Duration of catheter patency

  no effect, p = 0.11, n = 1036

  mean difference (MD) 0.44 days, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.99; P = 0.11; 1036 participants; 752 catheters; six studies; low-quality evidence

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• Haemorrhage at any site

  no effect, p = 0.52, n = 1245

  RR 1.32, 95% CI 0.57 to 3.07; P = 0.52; 1245 participants

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia

  no effect, p = 0.31, n = 443

  RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.01 to 4.27; P = 0.31; 443 participants

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• Mortality

  no effect, p = 0.33, n = 1100

  RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.31; P = 0.33; 1100 participants

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• occlusion of central venous catheters, pooled risk ratio, heparin versus 0.9% NaCl locking in adults

  RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.95 for occlusion with heparin versus NS, p = 0.02

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  Combined results from these studies showed fewer occlusions with heparin than with NS (risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.95; P = 0.02; 1672 participants; 1025 catheters from 10 studies; I² = 14%) and provided very low-quality evidence.

  PMID:30058070 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC-associated blood stream infection

  no effect, n = 231

  The estimated RR for CVC-associated blood stream infection was 1.48 (95% CI 0.24 to 9.37; 2 studies, 231 participants; low-certainty evidence)

  PMID:32352563 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC occlusion per 1000 catheter days

  no effect, n = 229

  was 0.75 (95% CI 0.10 to 5.51; 2 studies, 229 participants; very low certainty evidence)

  PMID:32352563 · one of two readings recorded this

• Duration of catheter placement

  no effect, n = 203

  The duration of catheter placement was reported to be similar for the two study arms in one study (203 participants; moderate-certainty evidence)

  PMID:32352563 · one of two readings recorded this

• occlusion of long-term central venous catheters per 1000 catheter days, normal saline versus heparin flushing, in infants and children

  RR 0.75 (95% CI 0.10 to 5.51) for saline versus heparin, very low certainty

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  The estimated RR for CVC occlusion per 1000 catheter days between the normal saline and heparin groups was 0.75 (95% CI 0.10 to 5.51; 2 studies, 229 participants; very low certainty evidence).

  PMID:32352563 · one of two readings recorded this

• 24-hr urinary potassium excretion at baseline

  no effect, p = 0.986, n = 10

  Potassium (mmol/24‐hr) | 60 ± 6 | 59 ± 6 |.986

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• 24-hr urinary sodium excretion at baseline

  no effect, p = 0.879, n = 10

  Sodium (mmol/24‐hr) | 133 ± 11 | 132 ± 11 |.879

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• 24-hr urine collection time before study day

  no effect, p = 0.575, n = 10

  all 24‐hr urine collections were successfully completed with similar mean collection time on each study day (23.8 ± 0.6 hr versus 23.3 ± 0.3 hr, p =.575)

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• 24-hr urine pH at baseline

  no effect, p = 0.439, n = 10

  pH | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.8 ± 0.1 |.439

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• 24-hr urine volume at baseline

  no effect, p = 0.451, n = 10

  Volume (mL/24‐hr) | 1,560 ± 200 | 1,628 ± 212 |.451

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial angiotensin II (RIA), after oral glucose load with or without NaCl

  decreases, significantly lower from 60-80 min incremental AUC during glucose + NaCl

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for angiotensin II

  Arterial plasma concentrations of ANG II were significantly lower from 60–80 min (incremental AUC) during glucose + NaCl compared with glucose alone.

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma angiotensin II (incremental AUC)

  decreases, n = 10

  Arterial plasma concentrations of ANG II were significantly lower from 60–80 min (incremental AUC) during glucose + NaCl compared with glucose alone

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma angiotensin II, RIA, incremental AUC 60-80 min

  decreases, significantly lower from 60-80 min during glucose + NaCl compared with glucose alone

  Not recorded as a finding: no outcome node for angiotensin II

  Arterial plasma concentrations of ANG II were significantly lower from 60–80 min (incremental AUC) during glucose + NaCl compared with glucose alone.

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma calcium and hematocrit

  no effect, n = 10

  Plasma concentrations of calcium, and hematocrit remained unchanged during glucose + NaCl compared with glucose alone

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma CCK and gastrin

  no effect, n = 10

  Arterial plasma concentrations of CCK and gastrin increased on both days and no statistically significant differences between the days were observed

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma CCK, radioimmunoassay, postprandial after oral glucose load

  no effect, no statistically significant differences between the days

  Not recorded as a finding: plasma-cholecystokinin node exists but the only sentence is agentless and never names NaCl (rule 1)

  Arterial plasma concentrations of CCK and gastrin increased on both days and no statistically significant differences between the days were observed.

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma chloride and hydrogen

  increases, n = 10

  Plasma concentrations of chloride and hydrogen only increased significantly during glucose + NaCl

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma GIP, immunoassay, postprandial after oral glucose load

  no effect, no statistically significant differences between the days

  Not recorded as a finding: plasma-gip node exists but the only sentence is agentless and never names NaCl (rule 1)

  Arterial plasma concentrations of GIP increased on both days and no statistically significant differences between the days were observed.

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma GIP

  no effect, n = 10

  Arterial plasma concentrations of GIP increased on both days and no statistically significant differences between the days were observed

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide

  no effect, n = 10

  Arterial plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C‐peptide increased similarly during glucose + NaCl and glucose alone

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma potassium

  no effect, n = 10

  Plasma potassium concentrations decreased similarly during during glucose + NaCl and glucose alone

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma proANP, ANP and BNP

  no effect, n = 10

  Arterial plasma concentrations of proANP, ANP, and BNP remained unchanged on both days and no statistically significant differences between the days were observed

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma renin and aldosterone

  no effect, n = 10

  Arterial plasma concentrations of renin and aldosterone remained unchanged on both days and no significant differences between the days were observed (respectively)

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma sodium

  increases, n = 10

  Arterial plasma concentrations of sodium increased during glucose + NaCl and glucose alone compared to baseline, however, the increase was significantly higher during glucose + NaCl compared with glucose

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• arterial plasma total GLP-1 (incremental AUC plateau)

  increases, n = 10

  Arterial plasma concentrations of total GLP‐1 increased during glucose + NaCl and glucose alone, however, an apparent plateau (incremental AUC, lasting from 40–80 min) was significantly higher during glucose + NaCl compared with glucose alone

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• plasma cholecystokinin (CCK, radioimmunoassay) and gastrin after oral glucose load with or without NaCl

  no effect, no statistically significant differences between the days

  Not recorded as a finding: plasma-cholecystokinin node exists, but the only sentence names 'both days' not the compound, so it is not self-supporting (quote_not_self_supporting); gastrin has no node

  Arterial plasma concentrations of CCK and gastrin increased on both days and no statistically significant differences between the days were observed.

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), immunoassay, after oral glucose load with or without NaCl

  no effect, no statistically significant differences between the days

  Not recorded as a finding: plasma-glp-1 sibling node plasma-gip exists, but the only sentence is not self-supporting: it names 'the days', never NaCl or glucose + NaCl (quote_not_self_supporting)

  Arterial plasma concentrations of GIP increased on both days and no statistically significant differences between the days were observed.

  PMID:32770661 · one of two readings recorded this

• Aerosol charge

  Corn oil aerosol, however, at near neutral charge (~ +0.5 fA)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Aerosol charge

  NaCl aerosol was highly charged (~ +70 fA)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Aerosol count median diameter

  The smaller-sized NaCl aerosol (~80 nm count median diameter) may not have contributed to the larger TIL than corn oil aerosol had (~190 nm count median diameter)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Aerosol count median diameter

  The smaller-sized NaCl aerosol (~80 nm count median diameter) may not have contributed to the larger TIL than corn oil aerosol had (~190 nm count median diameter)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Fit factor

  Fit factors were ~1,600, ~6,200, and ~5,800 for EHRs, full-facepiece respirators, and tight-fitting PAPRs, which yielded GM TIL values of ~0.1%, ~0.03%, and ~0.006%, respectively

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Fit factor

  Fit factors were ~1,600, ~6,200, and ~5,800 for EHRs, full-facepiece respirators, and tight-fitting PAPRs, which yielded GM TIL values of ~0.1%, ~0.03%, and ~0.006%, respectively

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Fit factor

  Fit factors were ~1,600, ~6,200, and ~5,800 for EHRs, full-facepiece respirators, and tight-fitting PAPRs, which yielded GM TIL values of ~0.1%, ~0.03%, and ~0.006%, respectively

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• GM TIL by respirator type

  Fit factors were ~1,600, ~6,200, and ~5,800 for EHRs, full-facepiece respirators, and tight-fitting PAPRs, which yielded GM TIL values of ~0.1%, ~0.03%, and ~0.006%, respectively

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• GM TIL by respirator type

  Fit factors were ~1,600, ~6,200, and ~5,800 for EHRs, full-facepiece respirators, and tight-fitting PAPRs, which yielded GM TIL values of ~0.1%, ~0.03%, and ~0.006%, respectively

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• GM TIL by respirator type

  Fit factors were ~1,600, ~6,200, and ~5,800 for EHRs, full-facepiece respirators, and tight-fitting PAPRs, which yielded GM TIL values of ~0.1%, ~0.03%, and ~0.006%, respectively

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• TIL of EHR models with N95 filters, previous study (model 1)

  TIL for the same two EHR models equipped with N95 filters were 0.21 and 0.13 for NaCl aerosol and 0.73 and 1.09 for corn oil aerosol (ISO 2017)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• TIL of EHR models with N95 filters, previous study (model 1)

  TIL for the same two EHR models equipped with N95 filters were 0.21 and 0.13 for NaCl aerosol and 0.73 and 1.09 for corn oil aerosol (ISO 2017)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• TIL of EHR models with N95 filters, previous study (model 2)

  TIL for the same two EHR models equipped with N95 filters were 0.21 and 0.13 for NaCl aerosol and 0.73 and 1.09 for corn oil aerosol (ISO 2017)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• TIL of EHR models with N95 filters, previous study (model 2)

  TIL for the same two EHR models equipped with N95 filters were 0.21 and 0.13 for NaCl aerosol and 0.73 and 1.09 for corn oil aerosol (ISO 2017)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• TIL of N95 filter material, previous study

  The TIL values for P100 and N95 filter materials were 0.04 and 0.06 for NaCl aerosol and 0.09 and 0.19 for corn oil aerosol (Table 4)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• TIL of N95 filter material, previous study

  The TIL values for P100 and N95 filter materials were 0.04 and 0.06 for NaCl aerosol and 0.09 and 0.19 for corn oil aerosol (Table 4)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• TIL of P100 filter material, previous study

  The TIL values for P100 and N95 filter materials were 0.04 and 0.06 for NaCl aerosol and 0.09 and 0.19 for corn oil aerosol (Table 4)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• TIL of P100 filter material, previous study

  The TIL values for P100 and N95 filter materials were 0.04 and 0.06 for NaCl aerosol and 0.09 and 0.19 for corn oil aerosol (Table 4)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total inward leakage (TIL), geometric mean, NaCl vs corn oil aerosol

  decreases, p = 0.05, n = 16

  The two EHR models with P100 filters showed significantly (p < 0.05) larger TIL values for corn oil aerosol than for NaCl aerosol (Table 3)

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total inward leakage (TIL), geometric mean, NaCl vs corn oil aerosol

  no effect, n = 16

  In the case of full-facepiece respirators, TIL for NaCl aerosol was larger than for corn oil aerosol but not statistically significant

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• Total inward leakage (TIL), geometric mean, NaCl vs corn oil aerosol

  increases, p = 0.05, n = 16

  both tight-fitting and loose-fitting PAPR models showed significantly (p < 0.05) larger TIL for NaCl aerosol than for corn oil aerosol

  PMID:34038318 · one of two readings recorded this

• AUCGIR SS 300-360 min (glucose infusion rate, primary PD)

  no effect, n = 56

  AUCGIR SS 300‐360 min | Geometric LS mean (SE) | 46 462 (1425) | 46 543 (1426) | 1.0 (0.03) | (0.96, 1.04) | (0.95, 1.05)

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• AUCINS SS 300-360 min, C-peptide corrected (sensitivity analysis)

  no effect, n = 56

  AUCINS SS 300‐360 min | Geometric LS mean (SE) | 18 423 (494) | 18 586 (498) | 1.0 (0.02) | 0.96, 1.02

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• AUCINS SS 300-360 min (serum insulin, primary PK)

  no effect, n = 56

  AUCINS SS 300‐360 min | Geometric LS mean (SE) | 19 097 (514) | 19 267 (518) | 1.0 (0.02) | 0.96, 1.03

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• Baseline C-peptide prior to infusion

  n = 56

  C‐peptide, ng/mL, geometric mean (SE) | 0.99 (0.06) | 1.00 (0.06)

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• Baseline glucose prior to infusion

  n = 56

  Glucose mg/dL, geometric mean (SE) | 88.5 (0.76) | 88.0 (0.69)

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• Baseline serum insulin prior to infusion

  n = 56

  Insulin, pM, geometric mean (SE) | 28.6 (1.33) | 27.7 (1.39)

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• Cmax (serum insulin, C-peptide corrected)

  no effect, n = 56

  Cmax (pM) | Geometric LS mean (SE) | 357 (8.96) | 362 (9.09) | 0.99 (0.02) | 0.96 (1.02)

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• Cmax (serum insulin)

  no effect, n = 56

  Cmax (pM) | Geometric LS mean (SE) | 368 (9.27) | 373 (9.39) | 0.99 (0.02) | 0.96, 1.02

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• GIRmax variability (geometric CV%)

  no effect

  the variability (geometric CV%) of GIRmax was still comparable between insulins (19.3% for BAX‐HI and 21.2% for NOVO‐HI)

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• GIRmax

  no effect, n = 56

  GIRmax (mg/min) | Mean (SD) | 1029 (210) | 1029 (227) | — | — | —

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• serum insulin AUC at steady state 300-360 min (PK) and glucose infusion rate AUC at steady state 300-360 min (PD), euglycaemic clamp bioequivalence

  no effect

  Not recorded as a finding: subject_absent

  PK bioequivalence was shown between BAX‐HI and NOVO‐HI as the 90% CI of the geometric LS mean ratio for AUCINS‐SS 300‐360 min was entirely contained within the prespecified limits of 80%‐125% (Table 2).

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• T1/2 (serum insulin, C-peptide corrected)

  unclear, n = 56

  T1/2 (min) | Mean (SD) | 24.0 (9.93) | 25.54 (9.07) | — | —

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• T1/2 (serum insulin)

  unclear, n = 56

  T1/2 (min) | Mean (SD) | 68.2 (79.5) | 59.4 (37.5) | — | —

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• TGIRmax (time to GIRmax)

  no effect, n = 56

  TGIRmax (min) | Median [range] | 301 [65‐383] | 290 [49‐388] | — | — | —

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• Time to onset of action

  no effect, n = 56

  Time to onset of action (min) | Median [range] | 21.0 [5‐35] | 19.0 [5‐33] | — | — | —

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• Tmax (serum insulin, C-peptide corrected)

  unclear, n = 56

  Tmax (min) | Median [range] | 240 [30‐360] | 270 [75‐360] | — | —

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• Tmax (serum insulin)

  no effect, n = 56

  Tmax (min) | Median [range] | 270 [30‐360] | 270 [75‐360] | — | —

  PMID:34378307 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC occlusion

  decreases, n = 1672

  risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.95; 10 studies; 1672 participants; low-certainty evidence

  PMID:35849083 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC occlusion

  no effect, p = 0.23

  No clear differences were detected after testing for subgroup differences (P = 0.23)

  PMID:35849083 · one of two readings recorded this

• CVC-related bloodstream infection

  no effect, n = 1127

  RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.08 to 5.80; 3 studies; 1127 participants; very low-certainty evidence

  PMID:35849083 · one of two readings recorded this

• Duration of catheter patency

  no effect, n = 1788

  mean difference (MD) 0.44 days, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.99; 6 studies; 1788 participants; low-certainty evidence

  PMID:35849083 · one of two readings recorded this

• Haemorrhage

  no effect, n = 1197

  RR 1.54, 95% CI 0.41 to 5.74; 3 studies; 1197 participants; very low-certainty evidence

  PMID:35849083 · one of two readings recorded this

• Heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia

  no effect, n = 443

  RR 0.21, 95% CI 0.01 to 4.27; 3 studies; 443 participants; very low-certainty evidence

  PMID:35849083 · one of two readings recorded this

• Mortality

  no effect, n = 1100

  RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.31; 3 studies; 1100 participants; very low-certainty evidence

  PMID:35849083 · one of two readings recorded this

• occlusion of central venous catheters (primary outcome), pooled risk ratio, heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride lock

  RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.95 for occlusion with heparin versus saline

  Not recorded as a finding: the comparison was against another active treatment

  Overall, combined results may show fewer occlusions with heparin compared to normal saline but this is uncertain (risk ratio (RR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51 to 0.95; 10 studies; 1672 participants; low-certainty evidence).

  PMID:35849083 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T4-T5

  n = 189

  Group A (n = 189) | 1 (0.53%) | 184 (97.35%) | 4 (2.12%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T4-T5

  n = 218

  Group B (n = 218) | 2 (0.92%) | 213 (97.70%) | 3 (1.38%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T4-T5

  n = 214

  Group C(n = 214) | 0 (0.00%) | 210 (98.13%) | 4 (1.87%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T6-T7 (optimal position)

  n = 189

  Group A (n = 189) | 1 (0.53%) | 184 (97.35%) | 4 (2.12%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T6-T7 (optimal position)

  n = 218

  Group B (n = 218) | 2 (0.92%) | 213 (97.70%) | 3 (1.38%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T6-T7 (optimal position)

  n = 214

  Group C(n = 214) | 0 (0.00%) | 210 (98.13%) | 4 (1.87%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T8-T9

  n = 189

  Group A (n = 189) | 1 (0.53%) | 184 (97.35%) | 4 (2.12%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T8-T9

  n = 218

  Group B (n = 218) | 2 (0.92%) | 213 (97.70%) | 3 (1.38%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Catheter tip at T8-T9

  n = 214

  Group C(n = 214) | 0 (0.00%) | 210 (98.13%) | 4 (1.87%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG, occurrence rate of characteristic P wave, and time used for catheter tip localization, with 0.9%, 5.45% and 10% sodium chloride as ECG conduction medium

  increases

  Not recorded as a finding: this platform holds no node for the endpoint

  The derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG was significantly higher in the group B (χ2 = 4.31, P < 0.05) and group C (χ2 = 7.27, P < 0.05) than in the group A.

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG

  n = 213

  Group A (n = 213) | 200 (93.90%) | 189 (88.73%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG

  increases, n = 225

  Group B (n = 225) | 220 (97.78%)* | 218 (96.89%)*

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG

  increases, p = 0.05

  significantly higher in the group B (χ2 = 4.31, P < 0.05) and group C (χ2 = 7.27, P < 0.05) than in the group A

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG

  no effect, p = 0.05

  There was no significant difference in the derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG between the group B and group C (χ2 = 0.46, P > 0.05)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG

  increases, n = 219

  Group C (n = 219) | 216 (98.63%)* | 214(97.72%)*

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG

  increases, p = 0.05

  significantly higher in the group B (χ2 = 4.31, P < 0.05) and group C (χ2 = 7.27, P < 0.05) than in the group A

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG

  modulates, p = 0.05

  There were significant differences in the derived rate of stable intracavitary ECG among the three groups (χ2 = 8.38, P < 0.05)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Occurrence rate of characteristic P wave

  n = 213

  Group A (n = 213) | 200 (93.90%) | 189 (88.73%)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Occurrence rate of characteristic P wave

  increases, n = 225

  Group B (n = 225) | 220 (97.78%)* | 218 (96.89%)*

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Occurrence rate of characteristic P wave

  increases, p = 0.001

  significantly higher in the group B (χ2 = 11.60, P < 0.001) and group C (χ2 = 15.01, P < 0.001) than in the group A

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Occurrence rate of characteristic P wave

  no effect, p = 0.05

  There was no significant difference in the occurrence rate of characteristic P wave between the group B and group C (χ2 = 0.29, P > 0.05)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Occurrence rate of characteristic P wave

  increases, n = 219

  Group C (n = 219) | 216 (98.63%)* | 214(97.72%)*

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Occurrence rate of characteristic P wave

  increases, p = 0.001

  significantly higher in the group B (χ2 = 11.60, P < 0.001) and group C (χ2 = 15.01, P < 0.001) than in the group A

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Occurrence rate of characteristic P wave

  modulates, p = 0.001

  There were significant differences in the occurrence rate of characteristic P wave among the three groups (χ2 = 19.06, P < 0.001)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Optimal position rate of catheter tip

  no effect, p = 0.05

  There was not significantly different in the optimal position rate of catheter tip among the three groups (χ2 = 2.23, P > 0.05)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Time used for catheter tip localization

  decreases, p = 0.001

  significantly shorter in the group B (P < 0.001) and group C (P < 0.001) than in the group A

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Time used for catheter tip localization

  no effect, p = 0.63

  There was no sgnificant difference in the time used for catheter tip localization between group B anf group C (P = 0.63)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Time used for catheter tip localization

  decreases, p = 0.001

  significantly shorter in the group B (P < 0.001) and group C (P < 0.001) than in the group A

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Time used for catheter tip localization

  decreases

  (69.37 ± 19.99) seconds in group A, (49.73 ± 8.15) seconds in group B and (48.27 ± 8.61) seconds in group C

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• Time used for catheter tip localization

  modulates, p = 0.001

  There were significant differences in the time used for catheter tip localization among the three groups (F = 35.04, P < 0.001)

  PMID:35970918 · one of two readings recorded this

• 30-day AHF rehospitalization

  no effect, p = 0.247, n = 50

  30‐day AHF rehospitalization, n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 0.247

  PMID:40455066 · one of two readings recorded this

• Absolute distal Na+ reabsorption

  no effect, p = 0.11, n = 50

  16.5 ± 7.9% vs. 13.3 ± 8.6%, p = 0.11

  PMID:40455066 · one of two readings recorded this

The whole record — 262 rows