L-cystine

Three steps

• tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. N-acetylglutamate synthase (N-acetyl-L-cysteine)
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, NAGS and 8 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 3 morecytosol

• Se-methylselenocysteineReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. L-selenocysteine selenide-lyase (L-alanine-forming)
  3. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:thiol S-methyltransferase

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, SCLYextracellular space, cytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GSR, GPX1, GPX4cytosol

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. transport of GSH and thromboxane B2 (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLCO1B1cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. cystine to cysteine conversion
  2. 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H(+)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by GSR, GSTT4, GSTA4, GSTZ1 and 20 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• prostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 17R-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13-hydroxy-(4Z,7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (18R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,16E)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (15R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• 13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + AH2 + O2 = 13R-hydroxy-(7Z,10Z,14E,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS2extracellular space, cytosol

• (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Transport of L-Cystine (L-Alanine antiport) by B0, +At Transporter
  2. Mo-molybdopterin + L-cysteine + AH2 = thio-Mo-molybdopterin + L-alanine + A + H2O
  3. (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate + AH2 + O2 = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC7A9, SLC3A1, MOCOS, PTGS1 and 1 moreextracellular space, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) (cystine)
  2. cystine to cysteine conversion
  3. solute carrier organic anion transporter (GSH)

  Catalysed by TXNRD1, TXNRD3, TXNRD2, SLCO1A2 and 2 morecytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 3 routes

• thiamine(1+) diphosphateReach from here →
  1. L-cystine thiocysteine-lyase (deaminating
  2. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)
  3. 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)thiamine-diphosphate[m] + lipoamide[m] = S-acetyldihydrolipoamide[m] + thiamin-PP[m]

  Catalysed by CTH, PDHA1, PDHB, PDHA2 and 1 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrix