a fatty acyl-CoA

Three steps

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate(out) + cholesterol(in) = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate(in) + cholesterol(out)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (11Z,14Z)-eicosadienoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (17Z)-hexacosenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-docosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 8 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + an acyl-CoA = a 1-O-(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus

• a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)
  3. 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = a 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + 2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, PLA2G4E, PLAAT5, PLAAT2 and 1 more

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acid + H(+)
  3. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, DDHD1

• N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + (9Z)-octadecenoate

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 3 routes

• (5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• a 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. ceramide:phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphotransferase
  3. 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-acyl-sn-3-glycerol + a sphingomyelin = a 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + an N-acylsphing-4-enine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 4 moreGolgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E))Reach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-galactose = a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-galactosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = a ganglioside GM4 (d18:1(4E)) + CMP + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 4 more

• an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + sphinganine = an N-acylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  2. dihydroceramide,ferrocytochrome b5:oxygen oxidoreductase (C4-hydroxylating)
  3. an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acyl-(4R)-4-hydroxysphinganine-phosphocholine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS5, CERS4 and 4 morecytosol

• tricosanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. N-Acylsphingosine amidohydrolase
  3. (10Z)-heptadecenoic acid formation

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 3 morelysosome, extracellular spaceOne of 12 routes

• cholesteryl octadecanoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. octadecanoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl octadecanoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. Glycodeoxycholate amidohydrolase

  Catalysed by GLYATL2cytosolOne of 2 routes

• sphinga-4E,14Z-dienineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. sphing-4-enine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 7 moreGolgi apparatus

• beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-sphing-4-enineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + UDP + H(+)
  3. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + H2O = beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1)-sphing-4-enine + a fatty acid

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 4 more

• cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (9Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (9Z)-hexadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoyl-CoA + cholesterol = (9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterol + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 2 routes

• cholesteryl (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-cholesterol + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 moreOne of 2 routes

• N,1-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamineReach from here →
  1. a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acyl-CoA = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + CoA
  2. a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = an N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + H(+)
  3. an N-acyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + H2O = N,1-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine + a fatty acid + H(+)

  Catalysed by LPGAT1, PLA2G4E, PLAAT5, PLAAT2 and 1 more

• N-(dodecanoyl)-sphinganineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + sphinganine = an N-acylsphinganine + CoA + H(+)
  2. an N-acylsphinganine + H2O = sphinganine + a fatty acid
  3. N-(dodecanoyl)-sphinganine + H2O = dodecanoate + sphinganine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS5, CERS4 and 4 more

• 4beta-hydroxycholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. cholesterol + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 4beta-hydroxycholesterol + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, BAAT

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, BAAT

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a fatty acyl-CoA + glycine = an N-(fatty acyl)-glycine + CoA + H(+)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GLYATL2, BAAT

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 8 moreGolgi apparatus

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosatrienoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z-eicosatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = cholesteryl (5Z,8Z,11Z)-eicosatrienoate + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• (6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol = (6Z,9Z,12Z-octadecatrienoyl)-cholesterol + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. a beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphing-4-enine + cholesterol = cholesteryl 3-beta-D-glucoside + an N-acylsphing-4-enine
  3. (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 5 more

• tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. acyl-CoA pool formation and breakdown

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 6 moreGolgi apparatus, cytosol

• a 3-oxoacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. sphing-4-enine + a fatty acyl-CoA = an N-acylsphing-4-enine + CoA + H(+)
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CoA

  Catalysed by CERS1, CERS6, CERS3, CERS5 and 10 moreGolgi apparatus