Skip to content

Reference

Evidence

CompoundsSubstances with curated findings
OutcomesMeasured endpoints
ProteinsTransporters and enzymes
InteractionsPairs that share biology
PapersEvery paper a finding cites
ArticlesReadings of the evidence

Chemistry

ReactionsRhea and Human-GEM, by subsystem
ReachWhat a compound can become

Reference layer

PathwaysReactions grouped under one name
ProcessesWhat proteins are annotated as doing
AnatomyTissues, by what is expressed there
Cell typesCells, by what is expressed there
OrganismsSpecies a compound is prepared from
MaterialsSubstances that are not one molecule
AssessmentsRegulatory determinations, transcribed
DiseasesFeatures, genes, and where each sits

Atlas Graph Twin Access

Search the graph

Reference

Evidence

Compounds
Outcomes
Proteins
Interactions
Papers
Articles

Chemistry

Reactions
Reach

Reference layer

Pathways
Processes
Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
Assessments
Diseases

Atlas Graph Twin Access

Loading the page.

Catalyst

Computational infrastructure for human biology, built on a provenance-aware knowledge graph. Findings retain their sources; research and simulation are the next layers.

The graph

Compounds
Outcomes
Proteins
Atlas
Interactions
Papers
Articles
Graph
Search

Reference layer

Pathways
Processes
Anatomy
Cell types
Organisms
Materials
Assessments
Diseases
Reactions
Reach

How it works

Mission
Method
Twin
How to read the evidence
Sources and licences

Build on it

Access
In your assistant
For agents
Query the graph
Bulk export

A reference for what the literature reports. Not medical advice.

© 2026 CatalystPrivacy TermsReference data under the licences listed on the attribution page.

N-acetylcysteamine

362,296 routes · scope human · up to 3 steps · built 5 October 2026 · Reactions · API

Inferred

Every route here is a hypothesis drawn from reference reactions (Rhea and Human-GEM), not a finding. Currency species such as water, ATP and NAD(H) never form a step. Evidence key

9 compounds within 3 steps: 1 in 1, 1 in 2, 7 in 3

Does it reach a compound?

One step

S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamineReach from here →
1. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2

Two steps

hexadecanoateReach from here →
1. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
2. S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2

Three steps

hexadecanalReach from here →
Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2, ALDH3B1, ALDH3B2 and 1 more
all-trans-retinyl hexadecanoateReach from here →

Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2, RPE65

S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl esterReach from here →

S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + H2O = N-acetylcysteine methyl ester + hexadecanoate + H(+)

Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2

16-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →

S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
hexadecanoate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16-hydroxyhexadecanoate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2, CYP4A11, CYP4V2 and 1 more

hexadecanoyl-CoAReach from here →

S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
hexadecanoate + ATP + CoA = hexadecanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate

Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2, SLC27A2, ACSL4 and 9 more

N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enineReach from here →

S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
N-hexadecanoylsphing-4-enine + H2O = sphing-4-enine + hexadecanoate

Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2, NAAA, ASAH1 and 2 more

(R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoateReach from here →

S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
S-hexadecanoyl-N-acetylcysteamine + H2O = N-acetylcysteamine + hexadecanoate + H(+)
hexadecanoate + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + O2 + 2 H(+) = (R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + H2O

Catalysed by PPT1, PPT2, FA2H