nicotinate

Three steps

• ubiquinol-10Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. ubiquinone-10 + hydrogen sulfide + glutathione + H(+) = S-sulfanylglutathione + ubiquinol-10

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SQORinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• alpha-D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphateReach from here →
  1. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + nicotinate + ATP + H2O = nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + ADP + phosphate + diphosphate
  2. nicotinate beta-D-ribonucleotide + CO2 + diphosphate = quinolinate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + 2 H(+)
  3. 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate + H2O = alpha-D-ribose 1,5-bisphosphate + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by NAPRT, QPRT, NUDT4

• (R)-noradrenalineReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  3. dopamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, DBHinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosol

• (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (9S)-hydroperoxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (9S)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  3. 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(out) + glutarate(in) = 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate)(in) + glutarate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A8, SLC22A24inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• glycodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. glycodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = glycodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12R)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX2 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, PTGES, MGST3 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GPX4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  3. thromboxane B2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = thromboxane B2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GSTT4, GSTA4 and 21 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membraneOne of 2 routes

• (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, GPX1, GSTA1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. nicotinate(in) + urate(out) = nicotinate(out) + urate(in)
  2. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane