(S)-carnitine

Three steps

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (stearate)
  3. 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 7 morecytosol

• O-hexanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (L-carnitine)
  2. O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. hexanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-hexanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC25A20, CRATmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. solute carrier (L-carnitine)
  2. O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = O-octanoyl-(R)-carnitine(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. acetoacetyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC25A20, CRATmitochondrial matrix, cytosol, inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoyl)-cholesterolReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (EPA)
  3. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 9 morecytosol, endoplasmic reticulumOne of 2 routes

• 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. fatty acid amide hydrolase (2-arachidonoylglycerol)
  3. 2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-glycerol + 2 O2 = 2-glyceryl-prostaglandin G2

  Catalysed by FAAH, PTGS2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 1-O-(9Z-octadecenyl)-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + ATP + CoA = (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-O-(9Z-octadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoyl-CoA = 1-O-(9Z-octadecenyl)-2-(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3, ACSL1 and 8 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 1-decanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (9Z)-octadecenoate + ATP + CoA = (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate
  3. 1-decanoylglycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-decanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC27A2, ACSL3, ACSL1, ACSBG2 and 5 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (myristic acid)
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 8 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (eicosanoate)
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 8 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-docosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (behenic acid)
  3. docosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-docosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 8 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• N-hexacosanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (cerotic acid)
  3. hexacosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-hexacosanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 8 morecytosolOne of 2 routes

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ASAH1 and 5 morecytosol, Golgi apparatusOne of 2 routes

• (2E,5Z)-tetradecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (physeteric acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (5-tetradecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 11 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (2E,7Z)-hexadecadienoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)
  3. medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (7-hexadecenoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SLC27A2 and 11 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoateReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Transport of 11-Octadecenoyl Carnitine into the Mitochondrial Matrix
  3. (11Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA + cholesterol = cholesteryl (11Z)-octadecenoate + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, SOAT1cytosol

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ALOX5, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + O2 = (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by ALOX5, ALOX15, ALOX12, GPX1 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (arachidonate)
  3. prostaglandin H2 = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoate + malonaldehyde

  Catalysed by PTGS1, PTGS2, TBXAS1, CYP2S1 and 1 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• thromboxane B2Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. transport of arachidonate (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. transport of S-glutathionyl-2-4-dinitrobenzene (cytosol to extracellular)

  Catalysed by SLCO1B1endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol, extracellular spaceOne of 4 routes

• 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O
  3. (11R)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NAD(+) = 11-oxo-(5Z,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + NADH + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGS2, HPGDendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• a 3-oxoacyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. acyl-CoA:sphingosine N-acyltransferase
  3. an acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ASAH1 and 7 morecytosol, Golgi apparatus

• 13-oxo-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Linoleate:oxygen 13-oxidoreductase
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate = 13-oxo-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + H2O

  Catalysed by ALOX15B, ALOX15, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and 3 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• prostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. (8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatrienoate + 2 O2 = prostaglandin G1
  3. prostaglandin G1 + AH2 = prostaglandin H1 + A + H2O

  Catalysed by PTGS2endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (arachidonate)
  3. prostaglandin H2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by PTGS1, PTGS2, CYP4F8endoplasmic reticulum, cytosol

• (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. Utilized Transport
  2. Linoleate:oxygen 13-oxidoreductase
  3. glutathione peroxidase (13(S)-HPODE)

  Catalysed by ALOX15B, ALOX15, GPX5, GPX1 and 7 moreendoplasmic reticulum, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase
  2. Propanoyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
  3. 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholanoyl-CoA:taurine N-choloyltransferase

  Catalysed by CPT1A, CPT1C, CPT1B, ACAA1 and 3 morecytosol, peroxisomeOne of 9 routes