FST

Multifunctional regulatory protein whose primary function is to antagonize members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily including activin, myostatin, GDF11 or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Mechanistically, binds to these ligands in the extracellular space, blocking their type II receptor-binding site to inhibit downstream signaling. Plays an essential role in muscle fiber formation and growth both by preventing the repressive effects of myostatin and through SMAD3/AKT/mTOR signaling independently of myostatin (By similarity). Also promotes neural differentiation by antagonizing the action BMP4 (By similarity). Acts as a specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by sequestering activin A/INHBA. On the other hand, translocates into the nucleus where it down-regulates rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis to maintain cellular energy homeostasis by binding to rDNA..

Function from UniProtKB (P19883), read 2026-09-23. CC BY 4.0.