Endpoint
Serum creatinine concentration
A waste product produced by dietary protein digestion and breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle. Creatinine levels in the blood can be an indicator of kidney function.
CAT:outcome/serum-creatininereported in mg/dL10 findings from 6 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks10 findings · 6 compounds · 2 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| creatine | up | 4 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| curcumin | no effect 1 · down 1 | 2 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
| coenzyme Q10 | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| L-glutamine | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| sodium(1+) | down | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| astaxanthin | down | 1 | Evidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited. |
Reported to move it
8 findings
creatine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×3“Specifically, there was an increase in serum creatinine (mean difference 12.63 μmol/L, 95% CI 1.14 to 24.12) and decrease in eGFR (−25.79 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI −44.3 to −7.25) in individuals on creatine supplementation compared to placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of creatine monohydrate on motor function in children with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- creatine monohydrate ~100 mg/kg/day (2.5-10 g daily by weight band) for 12 weeks per crossover period
- Population
- children aged 5-18 years with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy; safety outcome, not the primary endpoint
Effect 12.63 mean difference, 95% CI 1.14 to 24.12
Effect of creatine monohydrate on motor function in children with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial.2025PMID:40366059Permalink
creatine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×3“Regarding the biochemical tests, creatine supplementation was associated with higher serum creatinine levels (p = 0.04) and decreased PGRN (p = 0.04) compared to the placebo group.”
Quoted verbatim from Influence of CReatine Supplementation on mUScle Mass and Strength After Stroke (ICaRUS Stroke Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 7 days
- Dose
- creatine 10 g orally twice daily during 7 days of hospitalisation
- Population
- adults aged 60 years and older hospitalised for acute ischaemic stroke; secondary endpoint
Influence of CReatine Supplementation on mUScle Mass and Strength After Stroke (ICaRUS Stroke Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial.2024PMID:39683542Permalink
creatine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×3“Creatine supplementation was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in serum creatinine (MD: 0.07 µmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.12; p = 0.03).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of creatine supplementation on kidney function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- adults supplementing with creatine
Effect of creatine supplementation on kidney function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2025PMID:41199218Permalink
creatine — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×3“CAERS report 2018-CFS-000217: Blood creatinine increased following CON-CRET.”
Quoted verbatim from openFDA CAERS report 2018-CFS-000217. - Study
- spontaneous report · not in humans
- Population
- not applicable — single spontaneous report, no defined population (age 29 year(s), Male)
openFDA CAERS report 2018-CFS-000217CAERS:2018-CFS-000217Permalink
sodium(1+) — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Supplemental sodium with furosemide significantly decreased serum creatinine (pooled net mean difference [NMD]: -0.33 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [-0.50 to -0.17]), brain natriuretic peptide (pooled NMD: -62.84 pg/mL, 95% CI: [-103.61 to -22.08]), and weight (pooled NMD: -2.48 kg, 95% CI: [-4.31 to -0.66]).”
Quoted verbatim from Prescribed in-hospital sodium intake for decompensated heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure; supplemental sodium plus furosemide versus furosemide alone (furosemide in both arms); oral and intravenous sodium trials pooled
Effect -0.33 mean difference, 95% CI -0.5 to -0.17
Prescribed in-hospital sodium intake for decompensated heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2025PMID:40450575Permalink
coenzyme Q10 — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Overall, the current meta-analysis demonstrated that CoQ10 supplementation significantly improved metabolic profile in patients with CKD by reducing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, MDA and creatinine levels, yet it did not affect fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and CRP concentrations.”
Quoted verbatim from The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- patients with chronic kidney disease
The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.2018PMID:30417782Permalink
Show the remaining 2
curcumin — decreases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Finding“Consistently, treatment with curcumin significantly decreased the level of serum creatinine compared to that in the vehicle group.”
Quoted verbatim from Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis by inhibiting neutrophil migration via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway.. - Study
- animal · not in humans
- Duration
- 14 days
- Dose
- 50 mg/kg daily, intraperitoneal, dissolved in DMSO
- Population
- MRL/lpr lupus mice treated daily with curcumin or vehicle for 2 weeks; serum creatinine measured by ELISA
Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis by inhibiting neutrophil migration via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway.2024PMID:39053932Permalink
astaxanthin — decreases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Finding“Also, AST significantly reduced the amount of creatinine, urea, and uric acid in the serum and improved the activity of SOD and catalase in the kidney tissue (p < 0.05).”
Quoted verbatim from Astaxanthin prevents nephrotoxicity through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.. - Study
- animal · not in humans
- Duration
- 10 days
- Dose
- 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg astaxanthin during the 10-day course, alongside MTX 10 mg/kg on days 6, 8, 10
- Population
- male Wistar rats with methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity
Astaxanthin prevents nephrotoxicity through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.2024PMID:37683291Permalink
Measured, no effect detected
2 findings
curcumin — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull result“A comparison of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and creatinine levels revealed no significant differences between the curcumin and placebo groups.”
Quoted verbatim from Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Dose
- Oral ethanolic Curcuma longa rhizome extract standardised to 75-85% total curcuminoids, 250 mg curcuminoids per capsule, three capsules twice daily (1500 mg curcuminoids/day) for 12 months
- Population
- Obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus managed on metformin (age >=35 y, BMI >=23 kg/m2, HbA1c <6.5%), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand; 227 randomised, per-protocol analysis and the analysed count is not reported in the paper; prespecified safety/adverse-effect assessment, not an efficacy endpoint (declared primary outcome: liver steatosis by controlled attenuation parameter)
Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.2025PMID:41096556Industry fundedPermalink
L-glutamine — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“Plasma creatinine and urea were similar in very old rats supplemented or not with glutamine (Table 3).”
Quoted verbatim from Long-term intermittent glutamine supplementation repairs intestinal damage (structure and functional mass) with advanced age: assessment with plasma citrulline in a rodent model.. - Study
- animal · not in humans
- Dose
- glutamine in drinking water 7 consecutive days a month for 10 months, 20% of dietary protein (about 0.8 g/rat/day)
- Population
- Very old (27-month) female Wistar rats given intermittent oral glutamine for 10 months versus water-only controls
Long-term intermittent glutamine supplementation repairs intestinal damage (structure and functional mass) with advanced age: assessment with plasma citrulline in a rodent model.2014PMID:25389959Permalink
How it is measured
Serum or plasma creatinine by clinical assay. Assay method recorded with each finding — Jaffe and enzymatic methods are not interchangeable.
Measured, not recorded
- Subject
- serum creatinine concentration
- Measurements
- 4 measurements
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
serum creatinine concentration
increases, p = 0.04, p = 0.04
Not recorded as a finding: serum-creatinine node requires the assay method stated with each finding; not given in this report
Regarding the biochemical tests, creatine supplementation was associated with higher serum creatinine levels (p = 0.04) and decreased PGRN (p = 0.04) compared to the placebo group.
PMID:39683542 · one of two readings recorded this
serum creatinine concentration
no effect
The serum creatinine concentration did not differ significantly after a year, after two and three years in group I and separately in group II (Tables 2 and 3) compared to the baseline values.
PMID:39805983 · one of two readings recorded this
serum creatinine concentration
no effect
Not recorded as a finding: serum-creatinine node requires the assay method (Jaffe vs enzymatic) stated with each finding; not given in this report
No changes in raw DHT concentrations, creatinine, or eGFR were observed.
PMID:40265319 · one of two readings recorded this
serum creatinine concentration
increases, mean difference 12.63 μmol/L; 95% CI 1.14 to 24.12
Not recorded as a finding: serum-creatinine node requires the assay method (Jaffe vs enzymatic) stated with each finding; not given in this report
Specifically, there was an increase in serum creatinine (mean difference 12.63 μmol/L, 95% CI 1.14 to 24.12) and decrease in eGFR (−25.79 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI −44.3 to −7.25) in individuals on creatine supplementation compared to placebo.
PMID:40366059 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
10 papers
- Subject
- serum creatinine concentration
- Findings
- 10
- Papers
- 10
Curcumin Attenuates Liver Steatosis via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.record2025PMID:410965561 finding
Effect of creatine monohydrate on motor function in children with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial.record2025PMID:403660591 finding
Effect of creatine supplementation on kidney function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2025PMID:411992181 finding
Prescribed in-hospital sodium intake for decompensated heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.record2025PMID:404505751 finding
Astaxanthin prevents nephrotoxicity through Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.record2024PMID:376832911 finding
Curcumin attenuates lupus nephritis by inhibiting neutrophil migration via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signalling pathway.record2024PMID:390539321 finding
Influence of CReatine Supplementation on mUScle Mass and Strength After Stroke (ICaRUS Stroke Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial.record2024PMID:396835421 finding
The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.record2018PMID:304177821 finding
Long-term intermittent glutamine supplementation repairs intestinal damage (structure and functional mass) with advanced age: assessment with plasma citrulline in a rodent model.record2014PMID:253899591 finding
openFDA CAERS report 2018-CFS-000217recordCAERS:2018-CFS-0002171 finding