urate

Three steps

• O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitineReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  3. acetoacetyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-3-oxobutanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, CRATinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 11beta-prostaglandin F2Reach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. prostaglandin D2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin D2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin D2 + NADPH + H(+) = 11beta-prostaglandin F2 + NADP(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1, AKR1C3 and 1 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. ascorbate to monodehydroascorbate conversion
  2. 8-peroxy-(5Z,9E,11Z,14Z)... to 5,9-cyclo-6,8-cycloperoxy-12... conversion
  3. N-tetradecanoylglycine + 2 L-ascorbate + O2 = N-tetradecanoyl-(2S)-hydroxyglycine + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + H2O

  Catalysed by PAMcytosol

• 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. urate(in) + glutarate(out) = urate(out) + glutarate(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A24, CYP3A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin H2 = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8E,10E)-heptadecatrienoate + malonaldehyde

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1, TBXAS1 and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• prostaglandin H1Reach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. prostaglandin E1(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin E1(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin-E synthase (prostaglandin E1)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1, PTGES and 2 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane, cytosolOne of 2 routes

• 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2Reach from here →
  1. urate(out) + (S)-lactate(in) = urate(in) + (S)-lactate(out)
  2. prostaglandin H2(out) + 2 (S)-lactate(in) = prostaglandin H2(in) + 2 (S)-lactate(out)
  3. prostaglandin H2 + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 19-hydroxyprostaglandin H2 + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLCO2A1, CYP4F8inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,11R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,12E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15R)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. urate(out) + glutathione(in) = urate(in) + glutathione(out)
  2. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O
  3. (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + AH2 + O2 = (5S,15S)-dihydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + A + H2O

  Catalysed by SLC22A13, PTGES, MGST3, GPX1 and 4 moreinner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiamine diphosphateReach from here →
  1. transport of L-lactate and urate (cytosol to extracellular)
  2. (S)-Lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase
  3. pyruvate:thiamin diphosphate acetaldehydetransferase (decarboxylating)

  Catalysed by SLC22A12, LDHB, LDHAL6B, PDHA1 and 2 moreextracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrial matrix