(R)-carnitine

Three steps

• N-octadecanoylhexadecasphinganineReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. hexadecasphinganine + octadecanoyl-CoA = N-octadecanoylhexadecasphinganine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CERS1, CERS4

• 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. eicosanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. eicosanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine = 1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, LPCAT1

• 1'-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-3'-[1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerolReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = O-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. (R)-carnitine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = O-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. 1'-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-3'-[1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1'-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-3'-[1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, HADHA

• 1'-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-3'-[1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerolReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. 1'-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-3'-[1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + hexadecanoyl-CoA = 1'-[1,2-di-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-3'-[1-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-2-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho]-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, HADHA

• a 1-acyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol)Reach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. a 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + octadecanoyl-CoA = a 1-acyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol) + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, LCLAT1

• (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. tetradecanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. tetradecanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase (myristoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT2, SCD, SCD5cytosol

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. 2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, LPGAT1

• 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. (R)-carnitine + octadecanoyl-CoA = O-octadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. 2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + octadecanoyl-CoA = 1-octadecanoyl-2-(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, LPGAT1

• 1-decanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerolReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = O-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. (R)-carnitine + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = O-(9Z)-octadecenoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. 1-decanoylglycerol + (9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA = 1-decanoyl-2-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-glycerol + CoA

  Catalysed by CPT2, MOGAT2

• N-tetradecanoylglycineReach from here →
  1. tetradecanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. tetradecanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-tetradecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. tetradecanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-tetradecanoylglycine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, GLYATL2

• N-eicosanoylglycinateReach from here →
  1. eicosanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. eicosanoyl-CoA + (R)-carnitine = O-eicosanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  3. eicosanoyl-CoA + glycine = N-eicosanoylglycinate + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by CPT2, BAAT

• 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfateReach from here →
  1. glutarate(in) + (R)-carnitine(out) = glutarate(out) + (R)-carnitine(in)
  2. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(out) + glutarate(in) = dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate(in) + glutarate(out)
  3. dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + reduced [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 16alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate + oxidized [NADPH--hemoprotein reductase] + H2O + H(+)

  Catalysed by SLC22A8, SLC22A24, CYP3A7inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. (R)-carnitine + hexadecanoyl-CoA = O-hexadecanoyl-(R)-carnitine + CoA
  2. palmitoyl-CoA:L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase
  3. stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase (palmitoyl-CoA)

  Catalysed by CPT2, CPT1A, CPT1B, SCD and 1 moreperoxisome, cytosol