Cardiovascular mortality

Method

Death with cardiovascular disease as the adjudicated or registry-recorded underlying cause, pooled as a hazard ratio or relative risk across the cohort's follow-up. The adjudication source and the follow-up length are recorded on the edge.

The method is part of the endpoint identity. Studies measuring the same quantity by a different method are held as separate endpoints.

Notes

All-cause mortality is the near-miss and both fall with benefit, which is why they merge — but this is cause-specific attribution over years in a general population, while much of the all-cause literature here is any-cause death over days in an ICU. The distinction has already mattered twice: PMID 22493407 found a cardiovascular-death signal that vanished on sensitivity analysis while all-cause mortality was flat, and PMID 35914996 found a cardiovascular-death benefit for EPA+DHA with no all-cause benefit. Merging them would have manufactured an all-cause claim from a cause-specific one. Also distinct from incidence of cardiovascular disease (composite) and incidence of coronary heart disease, which are non-fatal-inclusive event endpoints.

Findings

1 finding from 1 compound, strongest first.

• magnesium(2+) — increases

  BLikelyGrade B, Likely. Human evidence, limited replication or design limits.Finding

  “Those patients with baseline hypermagnesemia had a significantly higher risk of CV mortality (RR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.78) or ACM (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18-1.54) than those with baseline normomagnesemia.”

  Study

  meta-analysis

  Population

  chronic heart failure patients with baseline hypermagnesemia versus normomagnesemia

  The association of serum magnesium and mortality outcomes in heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2016PMID:27977579