Endpoint
Cardiovascular mortality
CAT:outcome/cardiovascular-mortalityreported in hazard ratio4 findings from 3 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks4 findings · 3 compounds · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| empagliflozin | down | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| selenium atom | down | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| magnesium(2+) | up | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
Reported to move it
4 findings
empagliflozin — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1“The results indicated that Empagliflozin group exhibited a lower cardiovascular disease mortality rate versus Ctrl group (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.97, Z = 2.73, P =.006), while neglectable difference existed in the all-cause mortality rate versus Ctrl group (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.01, Z = 1.72, P =.09).”
Quoted verbatim from Meta-analysis of the efficacy and impact on cardiac function of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin in heart failure patients.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- 10 mg
- Population
- Patients with heart failure of any type; 15 pooled RCTs, empagliflozin 10 mg versus placebo (control group)
Effect 0.89 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and impact on cardiac function of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin in heart failure patients.2024PMID:39533603Permalink
selenium atom — decreases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“An increase of selenium biomarker concentration by one SD was associated with 13 % lower all-cause mortality (RR [95 %-confidence interval], 0.87 [0.83-0.90]), 11 % lower cardiovascular mortality (0.89 [0.84-0.94]) and 15 % lower cancer mortality (0.85 [0.78-0.94]).”
Quoted verbatim from Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Pooled population-based cohort studies (9 on cardiovascular mortality); risk per one standard deviation increase in selenium biomarker concentration
Effect 0.89 risk ratio, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.94
Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.2025PMID:40690813Permalink
magnesium(2+) — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Those patients with baseline hypermagnesemia had a significantly higher risk of CV mortality (RR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.78) or ACM (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.18-1.54) than those with baseline normomagnesemia.”
Quoted verbatim from The association of serum magnesium and mortality outcomes in heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- chronic heart failure patients with baseline hypermagnesemia versus normomagnesemia
The association of serum magnesium and mortality outcomes in heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.2016PMID:27977579Permalink
empagliflozin — decreases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1“Empagliflozin reduced all-cause mortality (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.29-0.78, p = 0.004) and cardiovascular death (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.38-0.82, p = 0.003) compared to placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- Adults with acute heart failure; pooled randomised placebo-controlled trials
Effect 0.56 odds ratio, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.82
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.2025PMID:40324865Permalink
How it is measured
Death with cardiovascular disease as the adjudicated or registry-recorded underlying cause, over the source's follow-up. The adjudication source and the follow-up length are recorded with each finding.
Measured, not recorded
- Subject
- cardiovascular mortality
- Measurements
- 81 measurements
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
Cardiovascular mortality
decreases, RR 0.88, 12% risk reduction (top vs bottom third)
The results indicate an overall risk reduction of all-cause mortality (11%), cardiovascular mortality (12%), cardiovascular events (9%), and stroke (17%) when comparing the top versus bottom third of MUFA, olive oil, oleic acid, and MUFA:SFA ratio.
PMID:25274026 · both readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.31, n = 754
cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.57–1.19; P=0.31)
PMID:18997197 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.13, n = 13887
cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.95–1.42; P=0.13)
PMID:18997197 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.43
cardiovascular (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.28; P=0.43)
PMID:18997197 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.8
or CVD mortality (P interaction = 0.80)
PMID:18997197 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.88, n = 13887
cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.81–1.20; P=0.88)
PMID:18997197 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.86
cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.85–1.21; P=0.86)
PMID:18997197 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.03, n = 429
PUFA:SFA ratio (per 1 unit increase) | 1 | 1.35 (1.01 to 1.80) | 0.04 | 1.39 (1.03 to 1.87) | 0.03 | 1.27 (0.93 to 1.73) | 0.14
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.99, n = 222
2 | 1.05 (0.56 to 1.97) | 0.88 | 1.00 (0.52 to 1.93) | 0.99 | 0.77 (0.39 to 1.52) | 0.46
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.01, n = 429
2 | 1.53 (1.14 to 2.05) | <0.01 | 1.58 (1.17 to 2.13) | <0.01 | 1.44 (1.04 to 1.98) | 0.03
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.65, n = 222
SFA (per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 0.77 (0.48 to 1.24) | 0.28 | 0.89 (0.54 to 1.47) | 0.65 | 0.98 (0.58 to 1.65) | 0.93
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.18, n = 207
SFA (per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 0.77 (0.52 to 1.13) | 0.18 | 0.77 (0.52 to 1.13) | 0.18 | 0.74 (0.50 to 1.11) | 0.15
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.06, n = 429
SFA (per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 0.74 (0.57 to 0.97) | 0.03 | 0.77 (0.58 to 1.01) | 0.06 | 0.77 (0.58 to 1.03) | 0.08
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.54, n = 222
2 | 0.76 (0.48 to 1.21) | 0.25 | 0.86 (0.53 to 1.39) | 0.54 | 0.95 (0.57 to 1.58) | 0.84
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.02, n = 429
2 | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.91) | <0.01 | 0.72 (0.54 to 0.95) | 0.02 | 0.72 (0.54 to 0.97) | 0.03
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.75, n = 222
PUFA (unspecified; per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.66) | 0.71 | 1.07 (0.69 to 1.67) | 0.75 | 1.00 (0.62 to 1.61) | 0.99
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.01, n = 429
PUFA (unspecified; per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 1.26 (1.04 to 1.52) | 0.02 | 1.29 (1.07 to 1.57) | <0.01 | 1.19 (0.97 to 1.47) | 0.09
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.68, n = 222
2 | 1.10 (0.73 to 1.65) | 0.65 | 1.09 (0.72 to 1.66) | 0.68 | 1.02(0.65 to 1.60) | 0.93
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.01, n = 429
2 | 1.31 (1.09 to 1.58) | <0.01 | 1.35 (1.12 to 1.63) | <0.01 | 1.26 (1.02 to 1.54) | 0.03
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.31, n = 207
2 | 0.81 (0.56 to 1.19) | 0.29 | 0.82 (0.56 to 1.21) | 0.31 | 0.78 (0.52 to 1.16) | 0.22
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.037
cardiovascular mortality (17.2% v 11.0%; 1.70 (1.03 to 2.80); P=0.037)
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.03, n = 207
LA:SFA ratio (per 1 unit increase) | 1 | 1.51 (1.00 to 2.30) | 0.05 | 1.59 (1.04 to 2.43) | 0.03 | 1.44 (0.93 to 2.23) | 0.11
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.03, n = 207
2 | 1.55 (1.01 to 2.36) | 0.04 | 1.62 (1.05 to 2.48) | 0.03 | 1.47 (0.94 to 2.29) | 0.09
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.03, n = 207
PUFA (LA specific; per 5 en% increase) | 1 | 1.31 (1.00 to 1.71) | 0.05 | 1.37 (1.04 to 1.79) | 0.03 | 1.20 (0.90 to 1.59) | 0.22
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases, p = 0.03, n = 207
2 | 1.29 (1.00 to 1.67) | 0.05 | 1.35 (1.03 to 1.75) | 0.03 | 1.21 (0.91 to 1.61) | 0.19
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.53, n = 222
PUFA:SFA ratio (per 1 unit increase) | 1 | 0.84 (0.39 to 1.80) | 0.66 | 0.78 (0.36 to 1.70) | 0.53 | 0.56 (0.27 to 1.18) | 0.13
PMID:23386268 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
increases
were 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.61) for death from cardiovascular disease (6416 events)
PMID:24690623 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
females active treatment 12/106 vs. 37/112
PMID:26624886 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
a reduced CV mortality for those on active treatment (14/47 vs. 26/48
PMID:26624886 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
a trend towards less CV mortality could be seen in those on active treatment (19/47 vs. 31/53
PMID:26624886 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
males active treatment 34/115 vs. 49/110
PMID:26624886 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
NYHA I: active treatment: 19/119 vs. placebo: 26/111
PMID:26624886 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
NYHA II: active treatment: 14/61 vs. placebo: 26/64
PMID:26624886 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
NYHA III; active treatment: 16/41 vs. placebo: 34/47
PMID:26624886 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
a cardiovascular mortality in the combined control group of 14.0% (27 out of 193) could be seen, as compared with 6.0% (six out of 100) in the active treatment group
PMID:27367855 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
a cardiovascular mortality in the combined control group of 24.1% (48 out of 199) was noted, whereas in the active intervention group a cardiovascular mortality of 12.1% (12 out of 99) was noted
PMID:27367855 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.79
a cardiovascular mortality of 17.5% (10 out of 57) in the combined control group, and 15.0% (three out of 20) in the active treatment group, which was not significantly different (P = 0.79)
PMID:27367855 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
The cardiovascular mortality in the group with a serum selenium concentration of 65–85 μg/L was 11.6% (24 out of 206)
PMID:27367855 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
a cardiovascular mortality of 28.1% (56 out of 199) in the low concentration group, and a cardiovascular mortality of 14.0% (eight out of 57) in the high concentration group
PMID:27367855 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.052
The total number of cardiovascular deaths, was also lower in the CoQ10 group compared to the placebo group, 9 (8%) vs. 21 (17%) corresponding to a relative reduction of 51% (p = 0.052).
PMID:30835327 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.85, p = 0.02
Not recorded as a finding: the unadjusted between-group comparison is not significant (p = 0.052); the significant center-stratified Cox HR (0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.85, p = 0.020) sits in a separate sentence with no direction word, so no single sentence carries both significance and a direction word
From a Cox regression analysis stratified by center, the HR (CoQ10 vs. placebo) was 0.36 (95% CI 0.15–0.85; p = 0.020).
PMID:30835327 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.45
There was no significant differences in mortality between spironolactone and control group in HFmrEF and HFpEF (RR, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–1.69; P =.45)
PMID:30921200 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect
Not recorded as a finding: the only sentence reporting this result does not name vitamin D or vitamin D supplementation ('We found no statistically significant difference between groups'), so it is not self-supporting on its own
We found no statistically significant difference between groups in cardiovascular mortality (0.98, 0.88 to 1.08, I2=0%) or non-cancer, non-cardiovascular mortality (1.05, 0.93 to 1.18, I2=0%).
PMID:31405892 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect
cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.66-1.15, Pheterogeneity = .567, I = 0)
PMID:31517834 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect
cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.95 (0.87-1.04) and 0.93 (0.83-1.04)]
PMID:33382441 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect
cardiovascular mortality [HR 0.95 (0.87-1.04) and 0.93 (0.83-1.04)]
PMID:33382441 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.014
A significantly lower fraction suffering from CV mortality was seen in those on active treatment, compared with those on placebo (active treatment: one out of 53 vs. placebo: eight out of 52; χ2: 6.10; p = 0.014)
PMID:33920725 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.19
Model 1 | 0.77 [0.64–0.94] | 0.009 | 0.82 [0.62–1.10] | 0.19 | 0.74 [0.57–0.95] | 0.02
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.06
Model 2 | 0.74 [0.61–0.91] | 0.004 | 0.75 [0.56–1.01] | 0.06 | 0.73 [0.56–0.96] | 0.03
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.09
Model 3 | 0.78 [0.64–0.96] | 0.02 | 0.76 [0.56–1.04] | 0.09 | 0.80 [0.61–1.06] | 0.11
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.03
Model 4 | 0.72 [0.57–0.90] | 0.004 | 0.69 [0.49–0.97] | 0.03 | 0.75 [0.56–1.01] | 0.05
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.07
Model 5 | 0.79 [0.64–0.97] | 0.02 | 0.74 [0.54–1.02] | 0.07 | 0.81 [0.61–1.08] | 0.15
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.001
Model 1 | 0.61 [0.48–0.76] | < 0.001 | 0.54 [0.38–0.78] | < 0.001 | 0.66 [0.50–0.87] | 0.003
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.001
Model 2 | 0.62 [0.49–0.78] | < 0.001 | 0.53 [0.36–0.77] | < 0.001 | 0.70 [0.52–0.93] | 0.02
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.01
Model 3 | 0.75 [0.59–0.96] | 0.03 | 0.59 [0.39–0.90] | 0.01 | 0.89 [0.65–1.21] | 0.44
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.01
Model 4 | 0.74 [0.57–0.97] | 0.03 | 0.57 [0.37–0.89] | 0.01 | 0.89 [0.65–1.22] | 0.47
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.02
Model 5 | 0.78 [0.60–0.99] | 0.05 | 0.60 [0.39–0.91] | 0.02 | 0.94 [0.69–1.28] | 0.69
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.62
Model 1 | 0.79 [0.59–1.07] | 0.14 | 0.92 [0.66–1.28] | 0.62 | 0.68 [0.42–1.10] | 0.11
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.54
Model 2 | 0.83 [0.62–1.10] | 0.20 | 0.90 [0.63–1.27] | 0.54 | 0.76 [0.48–1.19] | 0.23
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.57
Model 3 | 0.87 [0.67–1.12] | 0.28 | 0.91 [0.65–1.27] | 0.57 | 0.83 [0.56–1.23] | 0.35
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.59
Model 4 | 0.87 [0.64–1.18] | 0.37 | 0.88 [0.56–1.40] | 0.59 | 0.87 [0.58–1.29] | 0.48
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.72
Model 5 | 0.90 [0.70–1.15] | 0.40 | 0.94 [0.68–1.31] | 0.72 | 0.86 [0.59–1.25] | 0.43
PMID:34693489 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, eGFR<60 group: icosapent ethyl 7.6% vs placebo 10.6%; HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.51-0.95), p = 0.02
Not recorded as a finding: reported only for the eGFR<60 subgroup; no whole-population estimate for CAT:outcome/cardiovascular-mortality is given in this analysis
The numeric reduction in cardiovascular death was greatest in the eGFR <60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 group (icosapent ethyl: 7.6%; placebo: 10.6%; HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.51-0.95]; P=0.02).
PMID:34706555 · one of two readings recorded this
Cardiovascular mortality
no effect
0.95 (0.57-1.59; 1.5 compared with 1.8 per 1000 patient-years) for cardiovascular mortality
PMID:36096732 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
increases
1.2-fold of cardiovascular mortality (RR:1.19, 95CI%:1.04,1.36)
PMID:38195532 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
increases
The RRs of all-cause in-hospital, short-term, long-term mortality and cardiovascular mortality with hyperkalemia were attenuated to 2.21 (95CI%:1.60,3.06), 1.46(95CI%:1.25,1.71), 1.23 (95CI%:1.09,1.39) and 1.13 (95CI%:1.00,1.27)
PMID:38195532 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.01
cardiovascular-mortality (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.96; p < 0.01; I2 = 14%)
PMID:38400569 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
increases
CVD mortality risk was higher at Q1 median relative to Q5 (fully-adjusted HR=1.29, CI=1.03–1.61)
PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
median Q1 vs Q5 SHBG: fully-adjusted HR=0.81, CI=0.65–1.00; Model 2; Table 1B
PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
increases
but HR and CI were >1.0 for men with very low testosterone values (<5.3 nmol/L [153 ng/dL]; Fig 1b)
PMID:38739921 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.001
The overall HR favored eplerenone over spironolactone in decreasing the cardiovascular mortality rates in individuals with HFrEF (HR = 0.54; 95% CI [0.39, 0.74], P = 0.001)
PMID:39271992 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect, p = 0.19
risk of cardiovascular mortality (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.91–1.6; P =.19)
PMID:41760043 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
Compared with placebo, tirzepatide and the GLP-1RA class significantly reduced the risk of CV mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.90 and HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.92, respectively)
PMID:41761267 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect
Tirzepatide did not significantly reduce CV mortality compared with placebo (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.50–1.32)
PMID:41761267 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
Compared with placebo, tirzepatide and the GLP-1RA class significantly reduced the risk of CV mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.90 and HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.92, respectively)
PMID:41761267 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.039
spironolactone reduced cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.11-0.92]; P=0.039, log-rank)
PMID:41848036 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.042
In patients with increased left atrial volume index, spironolactone reduced cardiovascular mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.48 [95% CI, 0.24-0.98]; P=0.042, log-rank; interaction P=0.045)
PMID:41848036 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect
cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76-1.00)
PMID:42410309 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases, p = 0.01
The pooled OR was 0.68 (95% CI = 0.60–0.93; P =.01)
PMID:42499063 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
decreases
observational OR 0.51 (0.31–0.84, I2 = 0%)
PMID:42499063 · one of two readings recorded this
cardiovascular mortality
no effect
RCTs OR 0.73 (0.52–1.03, I2 = 69%)
PMID:42499063 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
4 papers
- Subject
- cardiovascular mortality
- Findings
- 4
- Papers
- 4
Associations of selenium status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.record2025PMID:406908131 finding
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.record2025PMID:403248651 finding
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and impact on cardiac function of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin in heart failure patients.record2024PMID:395336031 finding
The association of serum magnesium and mortality outcomes in heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.record2016PMID:279775791 finding