Pathway
Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
The bioactive prostaglandin (PG) signalling molecules, including PGA2, PGE2, PGF2a, and PGI2 (prostacyclin) are synthesised from arachidonate and its products by various prostaglandin synthase type enzymes. Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) is the starting point for the synthesis of Thromboxanes (TXs). PGs and TXs are collectively known as the prostanoids.
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Two enzymes, PTGS1 and 2 (COX1 and 2) both catalyze the two-step conversion of arachidonate to PGH2. PTGS1 is constitutively expressed in many cell types while PTGS2 is induced in response to stress and mediates the syntheses of prostaglandins associated with pain, fever, and inflammation. Aspirin irreversibly inactivates both enzymes (though it acts more efficiently on PTGS1), explaining both its antiinflammatory effects and side effects like perturbed gastic acid secretion. Drugs like celecoxib, by specifically inhibiting PTGS2, have a strong anti-inflammatory effect with fewer side effects. These PTGS2-specific drugs, however, probably because of their effects on the balance of prostaglandin synthesis in platelets and endothelial cells, can also promote blood clot formation.
What the reference databases state
Statements
15 statements
15 statements · 1 reference database · Subject: Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX) · Sources: Reactome
- AKR1C3 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- CBR1 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- CYP8B1 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- HPGD participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- HPGDS participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- PRXL2B participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- PTGDS participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- PTGES participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- PTGES2 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- PTGES3 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- PTGIS participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- PTGR2 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
Show the remaining 3
- PTGS1 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- PTGS2 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only
- TBXAS1 participates in Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)ProteinReactome R-HSA-2162123Inferred only