Endpoint
Lean body mass
CAT:outcome/lean-massreported in kg6 findings from 5 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks6 findings · 5 compounds · 3 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| creatine | up | 2 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| L-arginine | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| lutein | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| melatonin | up | 1 | Evidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence. |
| (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited. |
Reported to move it
3 findings
creatine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Findingreplicated ×1“Both novice and experienced lifters gained FFM with Cr supplementation compared to placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Creatine supplementation and resistance training: a comparison between novice and experienced lifters - a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- trained and untrained adults undergoing resistance training
Creatine supplementation and resistance training: a comparison between novice and experienced lifters - a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.2025PMID:41433021An author is affiliated with a producerPermalink
melatonin — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Finding“Lean mass increased (p = 0.025) while fat mass (p = 0.0013) and body mass index (p = 0.034) decreased in TMG compared with TPG.”
Quoted verbatim from Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 3 mg/night
- Population
- patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS); training + melatonin (TMG) vs training + placebo (TPG), both arms also received concurrent aerobic-resistance training
Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.2026PMID:42217742Permalink
creatine — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1“Cr + RT increased total body mass (P = 0.004) and fat-free mass (P < 0.0001) with no effect on fat mass as compared with RT alone.”
Quoted verbatim from Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults-a meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- older adults (Cr 63.6±5.9y, placebo 64.2±5.4y), resistance training >=6wk, vs RT alone
Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults-a meta-analysis.2014PMID:24576864Permalink
Measured, no effect detected
3 findings
L-arginine — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“Six weeks of l-arginine supplementation did not influence body weight, BMI, fat mass or lean mass in either of the ethnic groups (Table 2).”
Quoted verbatim from Effect of L-arginine on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in South Asian and Europid prediabetic men: a randomised double-blinded crossover study.. - Study
- crossover
- Duration
- 6 weeks
- Dose
- 9 g/day L-arginine, divided over three servings
- Population
- Prediabetic overweight South Asian and Europid men
Effect of L-arginine on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in South Asian and Europid prediabetic men: a randomised double-blinded crossover study.2019PMID:30377712Permalink
lutein — no detected effect on
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.FindingNull result“Moreover, the placebo group experienced a significant reduction in fat-free mass (FFM), whereas the lutein group preserved FFM during calorie restriction, although the between-group difference did not reach statistical significance.”
Quoted verbatim from Lutein supplementation combined with a low-calorie diet in middle-aged obese individuals: effects on anthropometric indices, body composition and metabolic parameters.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 2 months
- Dose
- 20 mg/day lutein
- Population
- obese middle-aged adults (45-65 years) on a low-calorie diet, both arms
Lutein supplementation combined with a low-calorie diet in middle-aged obese individuals: effects on anthropometric indices, body composition and metabolic parameters.2021PMID:33298201Permalink
(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate — no detected effect on
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.FindingNull result“No change was observed in lean mass by EGCG (Figure.”
Quoted verbatim from The phytochemical epigallocatechin gallate prolongs the lifespan by improving lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed obese rats.. - Study
- animal · not in humans
- Dose
- 50 mg/kg/d
- Population
- Adult male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet (obese model); body composition assessed at 100 weeks, EGCG group vs HF group.
The phytochemical epigallocatechin gallate prolongs the lifespan by improving lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed obese rats.2020PMID:32729662Permalink
How it is measured
Fat-free soft tissue mass (FFM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, or by a method recorded with each finding where DXA was not used.
Measured, not recorded
- Subject
- lean body mass
- Measurements
- 5 measurements
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
lean body mass
no effect
For lean body mass, three trials noted increases in both creatine and placebo groups, but differences were not significant.
PMID:40536429 · both readings recorded this
lean body mass
increases, p = 0.0007
lean body mass (WMD = 2.16, 95%CI [0.91, 3.41], P=0.0007)
PMID:15734715 · one of two readings recorded this
lean body mass
increases
There was also an increase in lean body mass during creatine treatment compared to placebo (weighted mean difference 0.63 kg, 95% confidence intervals 0.02 to 1.25)
PMID:17253521 · one of two readings recorded this
lean body mass
no effect
UA supplementation didn't significantly change body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lean body mass
PMID:38923885 · one of two readings recorded this
Lean body mass
no effect, p = 0.328, n = 55
Lean body mass (g) | 56.82 ± 12.51 | 55.77 ± 12.27 | − 0.75 ± 3.74 | 0.302 | 57.85 ± 13.02 | 57.20 ± 12.93 | 0.01 ± 2.21 | 0.965 | 0.76 | 0.328 | 0.395
PMID:41168313 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
6 papers
- Subject
- lean body mass
- Findings
- 6
- Papers
- 6
Benefits of 12-week self-paced training combined with melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and body composition in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized controlled trial.record2026PMID:422177421 finding
Creatine supplementation and resistance training: a comparison between novice and experienced lifters - a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.record2025PMID:414330211 finding
Lutein supplementation combined with a low-calorie diet in middle-aged obese individuals: effects on anthropometric indices, body composition and metabolic parameters.record2021PMID:332982011 finding
The phytochemical epigallocatechin gallate prolongs the lifespan by improving lipid metabolism, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed obese rats.record2020PMID:327296621 finding
Effect of L-arginine on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in South Asian and Europid prediabetic men: a randomised double-blinded crossover study.record2019PMID:303777121 finding
Creatine supplementation during resistance training in older adults-a meta-analysis.record2014PMID:245768641 finding