epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine

Three steps

• an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamineReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. transport of glutamine and lysine (cytosol to extracellular)
  3. an acyl-CoA + L-glutamine = an N(2)-acyl-L-glutamine + CoA + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC7A6, GLYATL1B, GLYATL1cytosol, extracellular space

• (7Z)-hexadecenoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (7-palmitoleic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 8 routes

• tricosanoyl-CoAReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-Glutamyl)-L-lysine[c] = 5-oxoproline[c] + lysine[c]
  2. Acetylation of Lysine
  3. long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase (tricosanoic acid)

  Catalysed by GGACT, SLC27A2, ACSL4, ACSL3 and 5 morecytosol, mitochondrial matrixOne of 4 routes

• (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (5S)-hydroperoxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (5S)-hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, PTGES and 5 more

• (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (12S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + 2 glutathione = (12S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX1 and 1 more

• an S-substituted glutathioneReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. RX + glutathione = an S-substituted glutathione + a halide anion + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GSTT4 and 22 moreOne of 2 routes

• (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + 2 glutathione = (13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate + glutathione disulfide + H2O

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, GPX1 and 3 more

• taurochenodeoxycholateReach from here →
  1. epsilon-(gamma-L-glutamyl)-L-lysine = 5-oxo-L-proline + L-lysine
  2. glutathione = L-cysteinylglycine + 5-oxo-L-proline
  3. taurochenodeoxycholate(in) + glutathione(in) + ATP + H2O = taurochenodeoxycholate(out) + glutathione(out) + ADP + phosphate + H(+)

  Catalysed by GGACT, CHAC2, CHAC1, ABCC4inner side of the membrane, outer side of the membrane