Pathway
G2/M Checkpoints
G2/M checkpoints include the checks for damaged DNA, unreplicated DNA, and checks that ensure that the genome is replicated once and only once per cell cycle. If cells pass these checkpoints, they follow normal transition to the M phase. However, if any of these checkpoints fail, mitotic entry is prevented by specific G2/M checkpoint events.
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The G2/M checkpoints can fail due to the presence of unreplicated DNA or damaged DNA. In such instances, the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdc2(Cdk1), is maintained in its inactive, phosphorylated state, and mitotic entry is prevented. Events that ensure that origins of DNA replication fire once and only once per cell cycle are also an example of a G2/M checkpoint.
In the event of high levels of DNA damage, the cells may also be directed to undergo apopotosis (not covered).
REACT:R-HSA-69481Reactome
What the reference databases state
Statements
137 statements
137 statements · 1 reference database · Subject: G2/M Checkpoints · Sources: Reactome
- ABRAXAS1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ADRM1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ATM participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ATR participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ATRIP participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- BABAM1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- BABAM2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- BARD1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- BLM participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- BRCA1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- BRCC3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- BRIP1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
Show the remaining 125
- CCNA1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CCNA2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CCNB1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CCNB2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CDC25A participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CDC25C participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CDC45 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CDC6 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CDC7 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CDK1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CDK2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CHEK1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CHEK2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- CLSPN participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- DBF4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- DNA2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- EXO1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- GTSE1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2AX participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC11 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC12 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC13 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC14 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC15 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC17 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC21 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC26 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC4; H2BC6; H2BC7; H2BC8; H2BC10 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H2BC9 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H3-4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- H4C1; H4C2; H4C3; H4C4; H4C5; H4C6; H4C8; H4C9; H4C11; H4C12; H4C13; H4C14; H4C15; H4C16 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- HERC2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- HUS1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- KAT5 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MCM10 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MCM2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MCM3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MCM4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MCM5 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MCM6 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MCM7 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MCM8 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MDC1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- MRE11 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- NBN participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- NSD2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ORC1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ORC2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ORC3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ORC4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ORC5 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- ORC6 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PIAS4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PKMYT1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMA1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMA2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMA3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMA4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMA5 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMA6 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMA7 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMB1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMB2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMB3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMB4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMB5 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMB6 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMB7 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMC1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMC2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMC3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMC4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMC5 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMC6 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD11 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD12 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD13 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD14 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD6 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD7 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- PSMD8 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RAD1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RAD17 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RAD50 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RAD9A participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RAD9B participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RBBP8 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RFC2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RFC3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RFC4 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RFC5 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RHNO1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RMI1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RMI2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RNF168 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RNF8 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RPA1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RPA2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RPA3 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- RPS27A participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- SEM1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- SFN participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- TOP3A participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- TOPBP1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- TP53 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- TP53BP1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- UBA52 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- UBB participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- UBC participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- UBE2N participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- UBE2V2 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- UIMC1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- WEE1 participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- WRN participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- YWHAB participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- YWHAE participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- YWHAG participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- YWHAH participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- YWHAQ participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only
- YWHAZ participates in G2/M CheckpointsProteinReactome R-HSA-69481Inferred only