Endpoint
Countermovement jump height
CAT:outcome/countermovement-jump-heightreported in cm7 findings from 4 compounds
What moved it
How to read these marks7 findings · 4 compounds · 3 null · by evidence strength
| Compound | Direction | Findings | Strongest evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| creatine | up | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| glycine betaine | up | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| Rhodiola rosea | no effect | 1 | Evidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers. |
| caffeine | no effect 2 · up 2 | 4 | Evidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited. |
Reported to move it
4 findings
creatine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“CMJ height also increased significantly in the creatine group (p = 0.005).”
Quoted verbatim from Effectiveness of a soccer injury prevention program based on creatine supplementation and internal load monitoring: a randomized controlled pilot study.. - Study
- RCT
- Participants
- 23
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 3 g/day creatine monohydrate, five days per week
- Population
- amateur male soccer players aged 18-35; secondary outcome
Effectiveness of a soccer injury prevention program based on creatine supplementation and internal load monitoring: a randomized controlled pilot study.2026PMID:41704196Permalink
glycine betaine — increases
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.Finding“Percent changes in CMJ between pre- and post-season were significantly (p=0.001) greater in BG than PG (Table 1).”
Quoted verbatim from Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on performance in professional young soccer players during a competitive season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 3 months
- Dose
- 2 g/day betaine anhydrous in capsules, two capsules per day around training
- Population
- Professional young male soccer players (mean age about 15.5 years) over a 14-week competitive season, standard team training in both groups
Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on performance in professional young soccer players during a competitive season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.2021PMID:34663363Permalink
caffeine — increases
Very limitedEvidence strength: very limited. Human evidence with major recorded weaknesses, or non-human, uncontrolled or unverified evidence.Findingreplicated ×1“An ergogenic effect of caffeine on jumping performance was found in the countermovement jump test (g: 0.26) and squat jump test (g: 0.35), with no subgroup differences.”
Quoted verbatim from Moderators of Caffeine's Effects on Jumping Performance in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Population
- females; meta-analysis of caffeine and vertical jumping performance (15 studies, n = 197); countermovement jump test
Moderators of Caffeine's Effects on Jumping Performance in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.2024PMID:37191618Permalink
caffeine — increases
InsufficientEvidence strength: insufficient. Mechanistic inference, no evidence found, or evidence weakened below very limited.Findingreplicated ×1“Explosive leg power (CMJ) was improved during CAF (52.9 +/- 5.8 vs. CON 51.7 +/- 5.7 cm, p = .03).”
Quoted verbatim from The influence of caffeine and carbohydrate coingestion on simulated soccer performance.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 15
- Dose
- caffeine 3.7 mg/kg body mass added to a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution, ingested 1 hr before exercise and every 15 min during a 90-min intermittent shuttle-running protocol
- Population
- male soccer players; carbohydrate-electrolyte solution given as background in both arms
The influence of caffeine and carbohydrate coingestion on simulated soccer performance.2010PMID:20601736Permalink
Measured, no effect detected
3 findings
Rhodiola rosea — no detected effect on
ModerateEvidence strength: moderate. Human evidence with one recorded weakness, or capped at moderate by its design or by unread numbers.FindingNull result“The CMJ test results are shown in Figure 10A: The RHO group exhibited a significant improvement in CMJ height compared with the pre-test (p = 0.036, 95% CI = [−1.353, −0.047], ηp2 = 0.155), whereas no significant difference was found between the RHO and CTR groups.”
Quoted verbatim from The Effect of Short-Term Rhodiola rosea Supplementation on Simulated Game Time, Perceived Fatigue, and Performance in Basketball Players.. - Study
- RCT
- Duration
- 4 weeks
- Dose
- 2.4 g/day, taken fasted 30 min before breakfast and lunch, for 28 days
- Population
- 48 professional male basketball players, Rhodiola group versus control group given empty capsules; between-group contrast after 28 days
The Effect of Short-Term Rhodiola rosea Supplementation on Simulated Game Time, Perceived Fatigue, and Performance in Basketball Players.2025PMID:41373984Industry fundedPermalink
caffeine — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“CMJ performance was not improved by caffeine supplementation (WMD = 1.17, 95%CI: –0.02 to 2.36, p = 0.05).”
Quoted verbatim from Does ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation depend on CYP1A2 genotypes? A systematic review with meta-analysis.. - Study
- meta-analysis
- Dose
- Acute single dose, 2-6 mg/kg, ingested before the performance test
- Population
- Healthy young adults (active and sedentary), pooled across CYP1A2 genotypes; countermovement jump height in cm per the review Methods; secondary endpoint (the review primary outcome was CYP1A2 genotype)
Effect 1.17 mean difference, 95% CI -0.02 to 2.36
Does ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation depend on CYP1A2 genotypes? A systematic review with meta-analysis.2024PMID:38158179Permalink
caffeine — no detected effect on
LimitedEvidence strength: limited. Human evidence with several recorded weaknesses, or a design that tops out at limited.FindingNull resultreplicated ×1“The caffeine dose under study did not significantly alter CMJ jump height at the group level, with no consistent changes relative to placebo.”
Quoted verbatim from Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.. - Study
- crossover
- Participants
- 40
- Dose
- 5 mg/kg body mass anhydrous caffeine, single dose, capsule, ingested 60 minutes before testing
- Population
- NCAA Division II student-athletes, habitual caffeine users (<50 mg/day baseline)
Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.2025PMID:40320739Permalink
How it is measured
Vertical displacement of the centre of mass in a countermovement jump, by force platform, contact mat, or optical system. The apparatus is recorded with each finding — jump-mat and force-plate estimates differ systematically.
Measured, not recorded
- Subject
- countermovement jump height
- Measurements
- 11 measurements
- Recorded as a finding
- No
Show what was measured
Countermovement jump height
increases, p = 0.001
acute caffeine intake increased CMJ height (32.29 ± 7.43 vs. 33.55 ± 7.58 cm; p = 0.001, ES = 0.17 [0.08, 0.26])
PMID:32823594 · one of two readings recorded this
Countermovement jump height
increases, SMD 0.208, 95% CI 0.079, 0.338; I2 0% p = 0.989
As shown in C, caffeine showed a positive effect on CMJ performance (SMD: 0.208, 95% CI: 0.079, 0.338; I2 0% p = 0.989).
PMID:34684665 · one of two readings recorded this
Countermovement jump height
increases, p = 0.013
CMJ height (CAF: 49.6 ± 12.3 cm; PLA: 48.3 ± 13.6 cm; p = 0.013)
PMID:36385314 · one of two readings recorded this
countermovement jump height
no effect, n = 23
However, no significant group-by-time interaction effect was found for any of the study outcomes (all p > 0.05).
PMID:38606895 · one of two readings recorded this
Countermovement jump height
no effect, no group x time interaction, n = 20
All variables except for VL fascicle pennation angle improved following the intervention (p < 0.05), but there were no group × time interactions for any of the measures (p > 0.05).
PMID:40100255 · one of two readings recorded this
Countermovement jump height
no effect, p = 0.352, n = 10
no significant differences between the MACA and placebo conditions in countermovement jump height ( P = 0.352)
PMID:40960048 · one of two readings recorded this
Countermovement jump height
no effect, n = 48
whereas no significant difference was found between the RHO and CTR groups
PMID:41373984 · one of two readings recorded this
Countermovement jump height
increases, p = 0.036, n = 24
The RHO group exhibited a significant improvement in CMJ height compared with the pre-test (p = 0.036, 95% CI = [−1.353, −0.047], ηp2 = 0.155)
PMID:41373984 · one of two readings recorded this
countermovement jump height
no effect, 38.1 vs 37.5 cm, p = 0.225, d = 0.25, p = 0.225, n = 25
No statistically significant differences were observed between the deceptive caffeine ingestion (38.1 ± 6.8 cm) and control condition (37.5 ± 6.8 cm; p = 0.225; small effect d = 0.25).
PMID:41599908 · one of two readings recorded this
countermovement jump height
increases, CAF and CH+CAF > PLA, p < .05
Post hoc multiple comparisons showed that the CAF group and the CH + CAF group jumped higher in the CMJ, ran faster in the 20 m and CODAT compared with the PLA group (p <.05).
PMID:41618893 · one of two readings recorded this
countermovement jump height
no effect
No other measures for grip strength, squat jump or countermovement jump showed a main effect for conditions.
PMID:42588165 · one of two readings recorded this
Sources cited
7 papers
- Subject
- countermovement jump height
- Findings
- 7
- Papers
- 7
Effectiveness of a soccer injury prevention program based on creatine supplementation and internal load monitoring: a randomized controlled pilot study.record2026PMID:417041961 finding
Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.record2025PMID:403207391 finding
The Effect of Short-Term Rhodiola rosea Supplementation on Simulated Game Time, Perceived Fatigue, and Performance in Basketball Players.record2025PMID:413739841 finding
Does ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation depend on CYP1A2 genotypes? A systematic review with meta-analysis.record2024PMID:381581791 finding
Moderators of Caffeine's Effects on Jumping Performance in Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.record2024PMID:371916181 finding
Effects of chronic betaine supplementation on performance in professional young soccer players during a competitive season: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.record2021PMID:346633631 finding
The influence of caffeine and carbohydrate coingestion on simulated soccer performance.record2010PMID:206017361 finding